Characterization and fabrication of bio-composite filaments for fused deposition modeling 3D printing

Phengchan, P.; Chaijaruwanich, Anirut; Nakkiew, Wasawat; Pitjamit, Siwasit

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/639/1/012019

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The first run filament was tracked to the cooling system manually until the tip of the filaments reached the filament tractor. Then, the tractor speed was adjusted until the extruded filament diameter was 1.75 ± 0.05 mm and ran smoothly [38,39]. The filament was rolled into a filament spool using a filament roller, which adjusted the rolling speed based on the filament's tractor speed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility of Interlocking Nail Fabrication from FFF 3D Printing PLA/PCL/HA Composites Coated by Local Silk Fibroin for Canine Bone Fracture Treatment

et al. 2020

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The biomaterials polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) were selected to fabricate composite filaments for 3D printing fused filament fabrication (FFF), which was used to fabricate a composite biomaterial for an interlocking nail for canine diaphyseal fractures instead of metal bioinert materials. Bioactive materials were used to increase biological activities and provide a high possibility for bone regeneration to eliminate the limitations of interlocking nails. HA was added to PLA and PCL granules in three ratios according to the percentage of HA: 0%, 5%, and 15% (PLA/PCL, PLA/PCL/5HA, and PLA/PCL/15HA, respectively), before the filaments were extruded. The test specimens were 3D-printed from the extruded composite filaments using an FFF printer. Then, a group of test specimens was coated by silk fibroin (SF) using the lyophilization technique to increase their biological properties. Mechanical, biological, and chemical characterizations were performed to investigate the properties of the composite biomaterials. The glass transition and melting temperatures of the copolymer were not influenced by the presence of HA in the PLA/PCL filaments. Meanwhile, the presence of HA in the PLA/PCL/15HA group resulted in the highest compressive strength (82.72 ± 1.76 MPa) and the lowest tensile strength (52.05 ± 2.44 MPa). HA provided higher bone cell proliferation, and higher values were observed in the SF coating group. Therefore, FFF 3D-printed filaments using composite materials with bioactive materials have a high potential for use in fabricating an interlocking nail for canine diaphyseal fractures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility of Interlocking Nail Fabrication from FFF 3D Printing PLA/PCL/HA Composites Coated by Local Silk Fibroin for Canine Bone Fracture Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…The increasing popularity of polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres can be attributed to their numerous advantages and remarkable features [1][2][3]. Natural fibres are divided into three categories; animal fibres such as wool, hair, and hydroxyapatite [4]; plant fibres such as bamboo, wood, corn starch [5], and sugar palm fibre; and mineral fibres such as asbestos. Natural fibre polymer composites have various advantages compared with synthetic composites in terms of biodegradability, cost, low density, and environmental friendliness [1,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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The thermal and rheological properties of bio-composite filament materials are crucial characteristics in the development of a bio-composite Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) filament since the printing mechanism of FDM strongly depends on the heating and extrusion process. The effect of chemical treatment on the thermal and rheological properties was investigated to develop composite filaments for FDM using natural fibres such as sugar palm fibre (SPF). SPF underwent alkaline and silane treatment processes before being reinforced with PLA for improving adhesion and removing impurities. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Melt Flow Index (MFI) analyses were conducted to identify the differences in thermal properties. Meanwhile, a rheological test was conducted to investigate the shear stress and its viscosity. The TGA test shows that the SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane showed good thermal stability at 789.5 °C with 0.4% final residue. The DSC results indicate that the melting temperature of all samples is slightly the same at 155 °C (in the range of 1 °C), showing that the treatment does not interfere with the melting temperature of the SPF/PLA composite. Thus, the untreated SPF/PLA composite showed the highest degradation temperature, which was 383.2 °C. The SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane demonstrated the highest melt flow index of 17.6 g/min. In conclusion, these findings offer a reference point for determining the filament extrusion and printability of SPF/PLA composite filaments.

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“…The filament, produced in the suitable conditions, was rolled to the filament spool using a filament roller, which adjusted the rolling speed related to the filament tractor speed. The diameters of the extruded filaments were measured and the extrusion parameters were adjusted until the extruder provided a constant diameter (1.75 ± 0.05 mm) [ 77 , 78 ]. Then, the filaments were randomly measured during the extrusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3D-Printed Bilayer’s Bioactive-Biomaterials Scaffold for Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects Treatment

et al. 2020

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The full-thickness articular cartilage defect (FTAC) is an abnormally severe grade of articular cartilage (AC) injury. An osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) is the recommended treatment, but the increasing morbidity rate from osteochondral plug harvesting is a limitation. Thus, the 3D-printed bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold is of major interest. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were blended with hydroxyapatite (HA) for the 3D-printed bone layer of the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (B-BBBS). Meanwhile, the blended PLA/PCL filament was 3D printed and combined with a chitosan (CS)/silk firoin (SF) using a lyophilization technique to fabricate the AC layer of the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (AC-BBBS). Material characterization and mechanical and biological tests were performed. The fabrication process consists of combining the 3D-printed structure (AC-BBBS and B-BBBS) and a lyophilized porous AC-BBBS. The morphology and printing abilities were investigated, and biological tests were performed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to predict the maximum load that the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (BBBS) could carry. The presence of HA and CS/SF in the PLA/PCL structure increased cell proliferation. The FEA predicted the load carrying capacity to be up to 663.2 N. All tests indicated that it is possible for BBBS to be used in tissue engineering for AC and bone regeneration in FTAC treatment.

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Characterization and fabrication of bio-composite filaments for fused deposition modeling 3D printing

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The Possibility of Interlocking Nail Fabrication from FFF 3D Printing PLA/PCL/HA Composites Coated by Local Silk Fibroin for Canine Bone Fracture Treatment

The Possibility of Interlocking Nail Fabrication from FFF 3D Printing PLA/PCL/HA Composites Coated by Local Silk Fibroin for Canine Bone Fracture Treatment

Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing

The 3D-Printed Bilayer’s Bioactive-Biomaterials Scaffold for Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects Treatment

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