Characterization and identification of super-effective thermal fire extinguishing agents :

Pitts, William M.; Yang, Jiann C.; Bryant, Rodney A.; Blevins, Linda G.; Huber, Marcia L.

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1440

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Note that an experimental value reported for helium is not included because it is believed that it was corrupted by an experimental artifact. [2] The agreement between the experimental and calculated values is generally good. …”

Section: Methane Pojldfs In Air Mixed With Argon Helium Nitrogen Cmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…[11] Thus while neglect of radiation is expected to introduce differences between calculated and experimental values, it should not invalidate conclusions concerning extinction and extinguishment based on the calculations. A more thorough discussion of this point is included in [2] MODELING RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Methane POJLDF in Air Figure 1 shows a plot of T max versus U b calculated for a methane/air POJLDF. Air is assumed to be composed of 78.1 % nitrogen, 21.0 % oxygen, and 0.9 % argon by volume.…”

Section: Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the nitrogen measurements mentioned above, reference [2] includes extinguishment measurements for a methane flame in the DLAFSS for the thermal agents argon and carbon dioxide. These are also included in Table 1.…”

Section: Methane Pojldfs In Air Mixed With Argon Helium Nitrogen Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] As part of this coordinated effort to identify suitable halon replacements, we have investigated the feasibility of utilizing thermal agents, defined as those which obtain their effectiveness solely by heat extraction and dilution. [2] Excluded from investigation are species that directly or indirectly disrupt the combustion chemistry such as the halons, which derive much of their effectiveness by the release of bromine atoms that catalytically remove hydrogen atoms in the flame zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results discussed here are part of a broader study that has been summarized in an internal report. [2] Another facet of the investigation that utilized idealized surrogate agents to better understand the relative roles of dilution and extraction and the importance of heat extraction location relative to the flame front will be published elsewhere. [4] DETAILED CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELING…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Extinguishment by Thermal Agents Using Detailed Chemical Modeling of Opposed Jet Diffusion Flames

Pitts¹,

Yang²,

Bryant³

et al. 2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of methane planar opposed-jet laminar diffusion flames burning in air mixed with a variety of thermal agents is used to characterize their effects on maximum flame temperature and extinction behavior. The identification of a well-defined limit temperature allows extinguishing concentrations for buoyancy-dominated methane flames to be predicted. Predicted extinguishing volume fractions are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results for opposed flow methane flames. It is further demonstrated that the calculations provide reliable estimates of relative thermal agent extinguishing effectiveness for both methane coflow flames and liquid-fueled heptane flames burning in a surrounding coflow, even though the required volume fractions of a given agent can differ substantially from those predicted for the opposed flow methane flames. This is the case despite the fact that the extinction mechanisms for the opposed-flow (global flame extinction due to flame cooling) and coflow (blow off of an edge flame stabilized in the local flow field by a reaction kernel) flames are believed to be different. The results of the calculations demonstrate the dependence of extinguishment mechanism on the local flow fields at the flame and the need for thermal agents to lower the temperature of the flame zone to a well defined limit temperature.

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Section: Methane Pojldfs In Air Mixed With Argon Helium Nitrogen Cmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methane Pojldfs In Air Mixed With Argon Helium Nitrogen Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Extinguishment by Thermal Agents Using Detailed Chemical Modeling of Opposed Jet Diffusion Flames

Pitts¹,

Yang²,

Bryant³

et al. 2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Fire suppressing performance of superfine potassium bicarbonate powder

Kuang¹,

Chow²,

Ni³

et al. 2010

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYFire suppression effectiveness of a new kind of dry powder based on potassium bicarbonate was studied in this paper. The powder consisted of superfine potassium bicarbonate and some organic and inorganic additives, which was denoted as 'K-powder'. The physical and chemical characteristics of the K-powder were characterized by a series of techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and thermal gravity analysis, etc. Performance of the new potassium-based powder in fire suppression was studied by laboratory-scale experiments, which exhibited much superior fire suppression efficacy than that of the commercial bicarbonate powder. Such improvements could be reasonably ascribed to the special chemical composition, microstructure and radiation effect on the mechanisms. The preparation, fire suppression and possible fire-extinguishing mechanisms were studied in detail.

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