Characterization and inventory of PCDD/F emissions from coal-fired power plants and other sources in Taiwan

Lin, Long-Full; Lee, Wen‐Jhy; Li, Hsing-Wang; Wang, Mao-Sung; Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.002

Cited by 107 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Burning rice straw poses benefits for the farmer since it controls weeds and reduces crop diseases, prepares the field for the next harvest and releases nutrients for the following crop (Cheng et al, 2009, Gadde et al, 2009, Kadam et al, 2000, Lemieux et al, 2004. Rice straw burning, however, can contribute to impairing local air pollution, causing severe impacts on human health (Gullett and Touati, 2003, Hays et al, 2005, Lin et al, 2007, particularly bronchial asthma (Arai et al, 1998, Torigoe et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burningSanchis, E 1 ., Ferrer, M 1 ., Calvet, S 1 ., Coscollà, C 2 ., Yusà, V 2 ., Cambra-López, M 1 . AbstractBurning of rice straw can emit considerable amounts of atmospheric pollutants. We evaluated the effect of rice straw moisture content (5%, 10% and 20%) on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and on the organic and inorganic constituents of released particulate matter (PM): dioxins, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Four burning tests were conducted per moisture treatment using the open chamber method. Gaseous emission profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were also measured. Additionally, combustion characteristics, including burning stages, durations, combustion efficiency, temperature, and relative humidity, were recorded. Burning tests showed flaming and smoldering stages were significantly longer in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.05) compared with the rest. The amount of burned straw and ashes decreased with increasing straw moisture content (P<0.001). Carbon dioxide was the main product obtained during combustion with emission values ranging from 692 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (10% moisture content) to 835 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (20% moisture content). Emission factors for PM were the highest in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.005). Fine PM (PM2.5) accounted to more than 60% of total PM mass. Emission factors for dioxins increased with straw moisture content, being the highest in 20% moisture treatment, although showing a wide variability among burning tests (P>0.05). Emissions factors for heavy metals were low and similar among moisture treatments (P>0.05). Emission factors for individual PAHs were generally higher in 20% moisture treatment. Average SO 2 and NO emissions decreased with moisture content. In contrast, CO emissions increased with moisture content.Overall, emission factors of atmospheric pollutants measured in our study were higher in the 20% moisture content. This difference could be attributed to the incomplete combustion at higher levels *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Quema_sin tablas ni figuras_cor.docx Click here to view linked References 2 of rice straw moisture content. According to our results, rice straw burning should be done after straw drying and under minimal moisture conditions to lower pollutant emission levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The first factor (FA 1) was found to account for 38.4% of the total variance; we could see that FA 1 was strongly and positively correlated with HpCDF, HxCDF and HpCDD, but negatively correlated with PeCDF and TCDF. Highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs can be considered an indicator for automobile exhaust emissions (U.S. EPA, 2001) and fossil fuel combustion emission (Lin et al, 2007). The second factor (FA 2) accounted for 23.8% of the total variance.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in the air and soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

Zhou

Ren

Chu³

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity (I-TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m 3 (0.445-13.6 pg/m 3 ), with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m 3 , while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g (2.41-88.7 pg/g) with an average of 1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and PeCDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children (0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) and adults (0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/(kg·day), but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.

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“…Although the emission factors of stack flue gases in both bag filter systems appear similar (0.002 mg I-TEQ/ton, respectively), we speculate that a key factor is the kind of medical waste 2 ,3 ,4 ,7 ,8 -H x C D D 1 ,2 ,3 ,6 ,7 ,8 -H x C D D 1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,8 ,9 -H x C D D 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,6 ,7 ,8 - 1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,8 -P e C D F 2 ,3 ,4 ,7 ,8 -P e C D F 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,7 ,8 -H x C D F 1 ,2 ,3 ,6 ,7 ,8 -H x C D F 1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,8 ,9 -H x C D F 2 ,3 ,4 ,6 ,7 ,8 -H x C D F 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,6 ,7 ,8 -H p C D F 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,7 ,8 ,9 -H that is being disposed of. Comparing the emission factors found in this study to those of other emission sources Lin et al, 2007), those in MWI-A and MWI-B were not particularly high when considered alongside those of iron ore sintering (0.002 mg I-TEQ/ton) and inter plants (0.00066-0.0031 mg I-TEQ/ton), and both were lower than those found at another MWI (0.0046 mg I-TEQ/ton) in Taiwan. In addition to using a dual-bag filter system, reported that sinter plants which carry out selective catalytic reduction (SCR) can obtain a PCDD/F emissions factor (0.970 µg TEQ/ton) that is over three times lower than that seen with other systems (3.13 µg TEQ/ton) that do not use SCR.…”

Section: Pcdd/f Contribution Fractions and Emission Factors Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

The PCDD/F Removal Efficiency of a Medical Waste Incinerator Dual-Bag Filter System

Chen

Lin

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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This study investigated the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) removal efficiencies in two medical waste incinerators (MWIs) -MWI-A and MWI-B, with waste burning capacities of 9.12 and 12 tons per day, with dual-and single-bag filter systems, respectively. The PCDD/Fs in the stack flue gas and fly ashes of each air pollution control device (APCD) unit were collected concurrently. Based on mass balance, it was determined that the major PCDD/F removal occurred in the bag filter system with activated carbon injection (ACI). The total PCDD/F emission removal efficiencies for the whole dual-bag filter system, bag filter 1 (BF1), bag filter 2 (BF2) in MWI-A and the single bag filter system (BF) in MWI-B were 99.7%, 84.8%, 98.0%, 99.0% on the mass basis, respectively. The PCDD/F emission ratio (the escaped PCDD/F ratio after all APCDs) with the dual-bag filter system was over four times lower than that with a single bag filter. The results demonstrate a very efficient way to reduce the excess PCDD/F emissions incurred by intermittent operations and irregular waste feeding.

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Characterization and inventory of PCDD/F emissions from coal-fired power plants and other sources in Taiwan

Cited by 107 publications

References 16 publications

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Occurrence and impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in the air and soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

The PCDD/F Removal Efficiency of a Medical Waste Incinerator Dual-Bag Filter System

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