“…Similar NTs and AFM results were also obtained in 1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) + 0.3 wt.% HF, 20 V, 2 h [ 120 ], or as listed in Figure 7 c,d for NTs grown on TiZr alloy by an optimized double anodization approach in a glycerol-based electrolyte with 15 vol.% H 2 O and 0.2 M NH 4 F (75 V, 1 h in the 2nd step) [ 121 ]. An overview of the average roughness (Ra) values, which is arithmetic means of the deviation in height from the profile mean value, encountered in literature for NTs grown on Ti or Ti alloys, are compiled in Figure 7 e. While Ti has reported Ra values in the range of 10.7–22.7 nm, NTs have roughness values in the range of 17–112 nm depending on morphology, i.e., diameter size, where usually higher applied voltages lead to a certain point to higher diameters [ 78 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ], or, to a certain extent, to the annealing treatments (a slight increase in roughness is observed, with increasing the annealing temperature and the appearance of the rutile crystalline phase) [ 127 ]. In addition, also the inner diameter value is included in this overview where available (either not mentioned in the respective article or values were in a wide range of values due to the initiation layer covering the nanotubes).…”