Characterization and modeling of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers

Abstract

Hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers are novel magnetoactive materials in which, unlike the soft particle–based magnetorheological elastomers, the particles provide magnetic poles inside the elastomeric medium. Therefore, the stiffness of the hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers can be increased or decreased by applying the magnetic field in the same or opposite direction as the magnetic poles, respectively. In the present work, the viscoelastic properties of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers operating in shear mode have been experimentally characterized. For this purpose, hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers with 15% volume fraction of NdFeB magnetic particles have been fabricated and then tested under oscillatory shear motion advanced rotational magneto-rheometer to investigate their viscoelastic behavior under varying excitation frequency and magnetic flux density. The influence of the shear strain amplitude and driving frequency is examined under various levels of applied magnetic field ranging from −0.2 to 1.0 T. Finally, a field-dependent phenomenological model has been proposed to predict the variation of storage and loss moduli of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers under varying excitation frequency and applied magnetic flux density. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the viscoelastic behavior of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers under various working conditions.

A review on magnetorheological elastomers

“…Ardehali et al made a study of the viscoelastic properties of a hard magnetic particle-based MRE with a volume fraction of 15% NdFeB magnetic particles under an applied magnetic field. 19 The loss modulus was almost independent of the shear strain amplitude and the applied magnetic field at different magnetic field levels from 20.2 to 1.0t. Finally, a phenomenological model to predict the variation of storage and loss moduli of hard magnetic particle-based MRE at different excitation frequencies and flux densities is presented and it is confirmed that this model can accurately predict the viscoelastic behavior of hard magnetic particle-based MRE under various operating conditions.…”

The Modeling of Magnetorheological Elastomers: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

“…[235,236] Based on the shape of the stress-strain hysteresis loops in squeeze mode, it was revealed that the viscoelastic response of both isotropic and anisotropic MREs was highly nonlinear under high static prestrain. [237] In the case of HMS elastomers, Ardehali et al, [238] reported that the shear storage modulus might increase or decrease depending on the direction of the applied magnetic field with respect to the direction of particle magnetization. Accordingly, a significant increase in the storage and loss moduli of HMS elastomers was observed with increasing magnetizing fields.…”

“…With respect to dynamic behavior of HMS elastomers, Mohseni Ardehali et al [238] proposed a phenomenological model with 12 parameters to describe the shear storage and loss moduli of h-MREs as following equations…”

A semi-active quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator based on magnetorheological elastomer with a fast convergence switch control

“…Using experimental data, a phenomenological material model is subsequently established to describe the viscoelastic properties (storage and loss) of the MRE under different magnetic flux densities and excitation frequencies (Ardehali et al, 2021). The mathematical models for the storage and loss moduli can be expressed as:…”

“…MREs do not have sedimentation and leakage issues of MREs and also provide considerable variation in both stiffness and damping under application of an external magnetic field (Li et al, 2013). The fabrication of MRE samples, the characterization of magnetorheological effects, and the establishment of constitutive models have been widely studied (Ardehali et al, 2021; Dargahi et al, 2019; Khanouki et al, 2021). The main idea of MRE based conventional isolator (C-MRE) is to change the system’s natural frequency by adjusting the system stiffness to mitigate the vibration (Bastola and Li, 2018; Liu et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2014).…”