Characterization and observation of water-based nanofluids quench medium with carbon particle content variation

Yahya, Sammy; Harjanto, Sri; Putra, Wahyuaji Narottama; Ramahdita, Ghiska; Kresnodrianto,; Mahiswara, E. P.

doi:10.1063/1.5038288

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The extensive surface area in nanoparticles contributes to even higher conductivity. Therefore, nanofluid is commonly used in heat transfer-intensive processes, such as coolant systems (Septiadi et al, 2020), or quenching mediums in heat treatment (Radhiyah and Nurziela, 2020;Yahya et al, 2018;Babu, Arularasan, and Ramkumar, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube and Polyethylene Glycol Addition in Nanofluid Quench Medium for Steel Heat Treatment Application

Putra,

Ariati,

Suharno

et al. 2024

IJTech

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In the steel heat treatment industry, quenching is a critical stage for enhancing the characteristics of steel. However, the lack of adherence to appropriate procedures, especially in quenchant selection, can lead to cracks or distortion. Quenchant selection is based on the required cooling rate for the specific steel being quenched. Cooling rate of the quenchant is primarily determined by the thermal conductivity of the fluid. This conductivity can be modified by dispersing stabilized solid particles, typically in the nano-scale range, thus forming a nanofluid. It is important to note that a higher conductivity will increase the heat transfer characteristic and vice versa, hence, cooling rate can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the dispersed particle. In this study, the dispersed particle and surfactant used was multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively. The concentrations of the dispersed particle were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 weight%. Furthermore, the surfactant was added at 3 -30% on each particle variation. The results showed that the highest thermal conductivity of 0.68 W/mK was achieved at 0.5% MWCNT and 5% PEG. This translated into better steel properties, as it led to a hardness of 48 in Hardness Rockwell C-scale (HRC) compared with the water-quenching technique. A higher percentage of PEG surfactant decreases the thermal conductivity of the quenching medium and steel hardness. This decrease was attributed to the high viscosity of the medium. In conclusion, adjusting the particle and surfactant concentration allows for the optimal quenching medium, offering enhanced steel properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube and Polyethylene Glycol Addition in Nanofluid Quench Medium for Steel Heat Treatment Application

Putra,

Ariati,

Suharno

et al. 2024

IJTech

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“…As a quench medium, the particledispersed liquid could have a controlled cooling rate for the different quenching applications. Several oxide particles, such as Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2, have also been studied as dispersed particles in a quench medium [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a cheaper alternative for carbon particles was researched. There are various types of carbon particles, such as charcoal, biochar, and activated carbon [10,11,13]. In this study, carbon particles derived from coconut shell charcoal were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of wet and dry milling on carbon biomass as dispersed particle in quench medium for steel heat treatment application

Putra¹,

Mochtar²,

Syahrial³

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Particle dispersion in the quench medium can alter its properties, particularly its thermal conductivity. Modulating the quench medium’s thermal conductivity can impact the steel’s hardness after heat treatment. In this study, micron-sized particles of carbon biomass derived from coconuts were obtained by milling the biomass via wet and dry methods. The milling duration for both methods was 10, 15, and 20 h, while the speeds were 250, 500, and 750 rpm for each duration. Particle size analysis revealed that dry milling could decrease the particle size by up to 60% from its initial size, whereas wet milling could only decrease it by up to 43%. A thermal conductivity test was conducted on the water-based quench medium supplemented with milled particles, demonstrating an increase in thermal conductivity up to 0.68 W/mK and 0.83 W/mK for dry and wet milling, respectively. All steel quenched with particle-added quench medium showed a hardness up to 21% higher than steel quenched with distilled water. The increase in hardness suggests that the cooling rate during quenching was faster because of the additional dispersed particle, determined by the quench medium’s thermal conductivity.

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“…This fluid has an enhanced thermal conductivity compared with regular water. One method to increase thermal conductivity is adding a solid particle into the base fluid [3,4] . Generally, solid particles have higher thermal conductivity compared to any fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pyrolysis Duration on Thermal Conductivity, Stability, and Viscosity of Dispersed PCB-Based Particles in Thermal Fluid

Putra,

Ariati,

Suharno

et al. 2023

JRM

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Solid particles have a higher thermal conductivity compared to a fluid. Therefore, it is a common practice to disperse solid particles inside a base fluid to increase its thermal conductivity. The particle-dispersed fluid is called a thermal fluid. Thermal fluid, such as a coolant, is widely used as a heat transfer fluid. Several types of particles can be used to increase the thermal conductivity of the fluid, i.e., metallic particles, metal-oxide particles, or even carbon-based particles. In this research, a carbon-based particle was used as the dispersed particle. The particle was obtained by processing electronic waste, specifically Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The PCB was pyrolyzed for variable duration at 15, 30, and 45 minutes to increase the carbon content. After pyrolyzing, the particle was milled to reduce its size. Subsequently, the PCB particle was added to distilled water. Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) was added as a surfactant to increase fluid stability and prevent particle agglomeration. Thermal conductivity was improved by up to a 13% increase at the 15-minute pyrolysis. Adding SDBS surfactant also improves the thermal fluid's stability to -29,1 mV. The fluid's viscosity was slightly increased up to a maximum of 0.984 mPa.S.

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Characterization and observation of water-based nanofluids quench medium with carbon particle content variation

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube and Polyethylene Glycol Addition in Nanofluid Quench Medium for Steel Heat Treatment Application

Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube and Polyethylene Glycol Addition in Nanofluid Quench Medium for Steel Heat Treatment Application

Comparison of wet and dry milling on carbon biomass as dispersed particle in quench medium for steel heat treatment application

The Effect of Pyrolysis Duration on Thermal Conductivity, Stability, and Viscosity of Dispersed PCB-Based Particles in Thermal Fluid

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