Characterization and pathogenicity of Cladobotryum mycophilum in Spanish Pleurotus eryngii mushroom crops and its sensitivity to fungicides

Gea, Francisco J.; Carrasco, Jaime; Suz, Laura M.; Navarro, M. J.

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0986-7

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This agrees with other studies that reported some degree of tolerance among Cladobotryum isolates to prochloraz‐Mn (Grogan et al ., ; Grogan & Gaze, ; Fletcher et al ., ; Fletcher & Gaze, ). The prochloraz‐Mn EC 50 values obtained in the present study were consistent with those of a previous study involving Spanish C. mycophilum isolates from Pleurotus eryngii (Gea et al ., ). On the other hand, all the isolates of C. mycophilum studied were sensitive to chlorothalonil (EC 50 < 1 mg L −1 ), which agrees with Potočnik et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of five fungicides with different modes of action on cobweb disease (Cladobotryum mycophilum) and mushroom yield

Carrasco¹,

Navarro²,

Santos

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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The fungicides chlorothalonil, metrafenone, prochloraz-Mn, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effect on Cladobotryum mycophilum, the mycoparasite that causes cobweb disease in white button mushroom. In vitro experiments showed that metrafenone (EC 50 = 0.025 mg L −1 ) and prochloraz-Mn (EC 50 = 0.045 mg L −1 ) were the most effective fungicides for inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. mycophilum. Selectivity indexes of the tested fungicides on both C. mycophilum and Agaricus bisporus indicated that metrafenone was also the most selective fungicide, while chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide against A. bisporus mycelium. The in vivo efficacy of fungicides for controlling cobweb was evaluated in three mushroom cropping trials, which were artificially inoculated with C. mycophilum (10 6 conidia m −2 ). Prochloraz-Mn provided good control, although the surface colonised by cobweb reached 12% by the end of the crop cycles. None of the inoculated cropping trials treated with metrafenone showed any cobweb disease symptoms, and neither were any significant phytotoxic effects on mushroom yield recorded. These results indicated that metrafenone can be used as an alternative to prochloraz-Mn in the control of cobweb disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The methodology to amend the growth media with fungicides and to test sensitivity was that described in Gea et al . () to evaluate C. mycophilum isolates recovered from infected Pleurotus eryngii . In the present experiment, C. mycophilum plates were incubated at 22 °C in the dark for 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of five fungicides with different modes of action on cobweb disease (Cladobotryum mycophilum) and mushroom yield

Carrasco¹,

Navarro²,

Santos

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Arnold, is currently the most cited causal agent of cobweb. It has recently been described as parasitizing different edible crops in Africa, Asia and Europe, including Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus eryngii and Ganoderma lucidum (Back et al, 2010;Chakwiya et al, 2015;Carrasco et al, 2016a;Zuo et al, 2016;Gea et al, 2017). C. mycophilum is also a red pigment producer in vitro (Carrasco et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Causal Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casing materials artificially inoculated with the pathogen reproduced cobweb disease in A. bisporus and P. eryngii (Carrasco et al, 2016a;Gea et al, 2017). The presence of the host in the casing layer seems necessary to desensitize the dormant spores and to stimulate their germination and the development of Cladobotryum mycelium.…”

Section: Infection Primary Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Carrasco¹,

Navarro²,

Gea³

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Cobweb is a fungal disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms. Several members of the ascomycete genus Cladobotryum sp. have been reported as causal agents. White button mushroom is the most frequently cited host, but a wide range of cultivated edible mushrooms suffer cobweb. The pathology causes production losses and reduces the crop surface available. The parasite produces a great number of harmful conidia that can be released easily and distributed throughout the mushroom farm to generate secondary points of infection. To prevent initial outbreaks, hygiene is of primary importance within the facilities dedicated to mushroom cultivation, while additional measures must be implemented to control and reduce cobweb if there is an outbreak, including chemical and biological methods. This review summarizes and discusses the knowledge available on the historic occurrence of cobweb and its impact on commercial mushroom crops worldwide. Causal agents, disease ecology, including the primary source of infection and the dispersal of harmful conidia are also reviewed. Finally, control treatments to prevent the disease from breaking out are discussed.

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“…The antifungal activities of the EOs against C. mycophilum and A. bisporus were calculated by in vitro sensitivity assays, with slight modifications [8,13]. The five EOs (containing 0.01% Tween 20) from each plant sample were added to molten sterile malt extract agar (MEA) medium at 45 • C prior to solidification.…”

Section: In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Selectivity Index Of The Esmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Evaluation of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants against the Mushroom Cobweb Disease, Cladobotryum mycophilum

Gea¹,

Navarro²,

Santos

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the use of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative to synthetic fungicides used in the control of cobweb disease of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum. The EOs used were obtained by hydrodistillation from five Mediterranean aromatic species (Lavandula × intermedia, Salvia lavandulifolia, Satureja montana, Thymus mastichina, and Thymus vulgaris), analyzed by gas chromatography, and tested in vitro for their antifungal activity against C. mycophilum. In vitro bioassays showed that the EOs obtained from T. vulgaris and S. montana (ED50 = 35.5 and 42.8 mg L−1, respectively) were the most effective EOs for inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. mycophilum, and were also the most selective EOs between C. mycophilum and A. bisporus. The in vivo efficacy of T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1%) were evaluated in two mushroom growing trials with C. mycophilum inoculation. The treatments involving T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at the higher dose (1% concentration) were as effective as fungicide treatment. The effect of these EOs on mushroom productivity was tested in a mushroom cropping trial without inoculation. They had a strong fungitoxic effect at the first flush. However, a compensatory effect was observed by the end of the crop cycle and no differences were observed in biological efficiency between treatments. The main compounds found were carvacrol and p-cymene for S. montana, and p-cymene and thymol for T. vulgaris. These results suggest that T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs may be useful products to manage cobweb disease if used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program.

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Characterization and pathogenicity of Cladobotryum mycophilum in Spanish Pleurotus eryngii mushroom crops and its sensitivity to fungicides

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of five fungicides with different modes of action on cobweb disease (Cladobotryum mycophilum) and mushroom yield

Effect of five fungicides with different modes of action on cobweb disease (Cladobotryum mycophilum) and mushroom yield

Cobweb, a serious pathology in mushroom crops: A review

Screening and Evaluation of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants against the Mushroom Cobweb Disease, Cladobotryum mycophilum

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