Characterization and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from eastern China

Abstract

BackgroundFowl adenovirus outbreaks have occurred in China since June 2015. This virus is an emerging infectious disease that causes hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis (HPS-IBH), resulting in significant economic loss to poultry farmers. Five fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strains (HN, AQ, AH726, JS07 and AH712) were isolated from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that the five isolates belonged to species C fowl adenovirus serotype 4. An 11 amino-acid deletion in ORF29, relative to an older viral isolate, JSJ13, was observed for all five strains described here. In chicken experiments, 80–100% birds died after intramuscular inoculation and displayed lesions characteristic of HPS-IBH. The viral DNA copies were further detected by hexon-probe based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the chicken samples. The viral loads and cytokine profiles were recorded in all the organs after infections. Despite minor genetic differences, the 5 strains displayed significantly different tissue tropisms and cytokine profiles.ConclusionsOur data enhance the current understanding some of the factors involved in the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of the FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4) in China. Our work provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of HPS-IBH in chickens.

Effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide in diet on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and biochemistry of broilers

“…IL-1β and IL-2 play a role in the activation and regulation of the immune system depending on the pathophysiological condition ( Wang et al., 2014 ). IFN-γ is critical for host defense against a variety of pathogens ( Wang et al., 2019 ). In the present study, we showed that GCP increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-2, and IFN-γ at both day 21 and 42.…”

Characterization of Co-infection With Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 and 8a

“…The chicken liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line LMH was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC); LMH cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 (Gibco, NY, United States) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco). The FAdV-4 strain HN and FAdV-8a strain AH720 were isolated as described previously ( Wang et al, 2019 ; Lv et al, 2021 ) and allowed to replicate in LMH cells. SPF chickens were purchased from Merial Vital Laboratory Animal Technologies Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).…”

“…In our previous studies, the FAdV-4 strain HN and FAdV-8a strain AH720, isolated from chickens from poultry farms in Hunan and Anhui provinces, respectively, were identified and characterized ( Wang et al, 2019 ; Lv et al, 2021 ). In the present study, we aim to establish a chicken model of co-infection with both these stains to investigate the interactions between FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.…”

Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland

“…Research conducted by ( Niu et al, 2018 ) indicated that polyclonal antibodies, based on hexon regions loops L1 and L2, could be used as a detection of antibody in IHC analysis to elucidate the distribution of the virus in target organs, especially the liver ( Niu et al., 2018 ). Wang, 2019 indicated that phylogenetic analysis of five adenovirus strains belonged to type/species 4/C and indicated an 11 amino-acid deletion in ORF29 which was related to older viral strains and during in vivo studies on chickens indicated lesions characteristic for HP-IBH.…”