Characterization and pathogenicity of fungal trunk pathogens associated with declining of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) trees in Iran

Ghasemi-Sardareh, Rahil; Mohammadi, Hamid

doi:10.1007/s42161-020-00598-z

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In our study, the results of inoculated almond twigs revealed that C. hawaiiensis was weakly pathogenic to this host (33 mm). Pathogenicity results of this species are similar to those obtained by Ghasemi-Sardareh et al [53]on detached shoots of the neem tree, in which C. hawaiiensis produce lesions averaging (30 mm). In Morocco, Curvularia tuberculata was isolated and identified for the first time during the analysis of seeds microflora of rice [54].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Trunk and Branch Cankers of Almond Trees in Morocco

et al. 2022

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Canker symptoms were observed on almond trees in the Fez-Meknes region, Morocco. Isolations were conducted from the infected branch and trunk showing internal and external brown lesions. Four representative fungal isolates were screened, and their identities were confirmed by cultural traits and sequence analysis of DNA using two genes, the ITS region (internal transcribed spacer) and calmodulin (cmdA). The identified fungi were Curvularia hawaiiensis, Fusarium ambrosium, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Chondrestereum purpureum. The pathogenicity test on almond twigs revealed that these species were pathogenic to their host with different degrees of virulence, with Lasiodiplodia theobromae as the most virulent causing the longest necrotic lesion (285.17 mm) and the death of twigs. Physiological traits analysis of the above-mentioned fungi showed that the optimum mycelium growth response at different temperatures varies from 10 to 35 °C, while the pH ranges between 3.0 and 8.0. This study confirms the presence of canker pathogens on almond trees, which will contribute valuable information to improve the understanding of the contemporary status of almond trees, thus helping the improvement of the management of almond orchards. To our knowledge, all these fungi represent new records in Morocco and some of them are confirmed on the almond trees for the first time in the world.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Trunk and Branch Cankers of Almond Trees in Morocco

et al. 2022

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“…The pathogen causing Christ's thorn dieback was identified as P. sp. and oak (Quercus brantii) (Azizi et al, 2020;Chakusary et al, 2019;Ghasemi-Sardareh & Mohammadi, 2020;Heidarian et al, 2018;Sabernasab et al, 2019a). It has also been reported in Iran from Sesamum indicum and Prunus amygdalus seeds as P.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization, pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina‐christi Mill.) in Iran

Rostami

Jamali

2023

Forest Pathology

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Christ's thorn (Paliurus spina‐christi Mill.) tree is an important and valuable forestry species and has significant potential in afforestation and reforestation systems. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on Paliurus spina‐christi trees in Gilan‐e Gharb region of Kermanshah province, west Iran. During 2020 to 2021, Christ's thorn trees that exhibit branch dieback symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. The pathogenicity tests, biochemical assay of growth, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium and morphological and molecular investigations (ITS and β‐tubulin regions) identified Paecilomyces formosus as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of P. formosus pathogenicity on Paliurus spina‐christi trees. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 11 tree species under three different temperatures 15, 25 and 35°C. Disease severity caused by all isolates on detached branches was greater at 35°C than at 15 and 25°C. This study presents the host range of this pathogen and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperatures, which forest trees experienced in recent decades.

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“… Orchidaceae Scorpion orchid Williams and Liu ( 1976 ) Araucaria sp. Araucariaceae Peregrine and Kassim ( 1982 ) Arbutus menziesii Ericaceae Madrone Davison ( 1972 ) Arbutus unedo Ericaceae Strawberry tree Tsahouridou and Thanassoulopoulos ( 2000 ) Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem Ghasemi‐Sardareh and Mohammadi ( 2020 ) Capsicum annuum Solanaceae Pepper Ebbels and Allen ( 1979 ) Castanea sativa Fagaceae Sweet chestnut French ( 1987 , 1989 ) Casuarina sp. Fagales Boa and Lenné ( 1994 ) Cattleya spp.…”

Section: Appendix a – Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum Ho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf spot, shoot blight, branch dieback, canker, pre-and post-harvest fruit rot, gummosis and root rot. The pathogen is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania. It has also been reported from Greece, Cyprus and Italy, with a restricted distribution. Nevertheless, there is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of N. dimidiatum worldwide and in the EU, because in the past, when molecular tools were not available, the two synanamorphs of the pathogen (Fusicoccum-like and Scytalidium-like) might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. N. dimidiatum is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Because of the wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focuses on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the areas of its present distribution, including Italy, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. N. dimidiatum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

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Characterization and pathogenicity of fungal trunk pathogens associated with declining of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) trees in Iran

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Trunk and Branch Cankers of Almond Trees in Morocco

Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Trunk and Branch Cankers of Almond Trees in Morocco

Characterization, pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina‐christi Mill.) in Iran

Pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

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