Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) is an herbaceous plant that grows streamside in forest gullies or wetlands in the shade. Complete chloroplast genome of O. pumila was obtained and analyzed its phylogeny relationship within Rubiaceae plants. The results showed that the genome had a typical quadripartite structure of 154,385 bp, and contained a total of 112 unique genes, including 79 proteincoding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that O. pumila is sister to a highly supported clade composed of 10 species including Morinda officinalis, Gynochthodes cochinchinensis, Saprosma merrillii, Hedyotis ovata, Foonchewia guangdongensis, Dunnia sinensis, Paederia scandens, Leptodermis scabrida, Rubia cordifolia, and Galium mollugo. The complete chloroplast genome provides valuable information for the phylogenetic analysis of O. pumila.

OpNAC1 transcription factor regulates the biosynthesis of the anticancer drug camptothecin by targeting loganic acid O‐methyltransferase in Ophiorrhiza pumila

“…The Ophiorrhiza genus with more than 300 species worldwide belonging to the Rubiaceae family, are mainly found in wet tropical forests of Southeast Asia and used as a common folk herbal medicine (Yamazaki et al, 2003; Wu et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2018; Taher et al, 2020). In China, 68 species, including 47 endemics, are recorded and most of the Ophiorrhiza genus plants are distributed to the south of the Yangtze River (Yang et al, 2018; Huang and Kai, 2021). Among them, Ophiorrhiza pumila has been confirmed to produce camptothecin in all parts of the whole plant and often can be found in clusters in wet or shallow water silt (Yamazaki et al, 2003; Huang and Kai, 2021; Rai et al, 2021).…”

“…In China, 68 species, including 47 endemics, are recorded and most of the Ophiorrhiza genus plants are distributed to the south of the Yangtze River (Yang et al, 2018; Huang and Kai, 2021). Among them, Ophiorrhiza pumila has been confirmed to produce camptothecin in all parts of the whole plant and often can be found in clusters in wet or shallow water silt (Yamazaki et al, 2003; Huang and Kai, 2021; Rai et al, 2021). In addition, other Ophiorrhiza genus plants, such as O. mungos , O. hirsutula , and O. pectinate , produce camptothecin (Pu et al, 2019; Ruan et al, 2021a).…”