Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 isolated in China, 2022

Abstract

Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a common virus detected in bovine with respiratory disease worldwide. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel BoHV-4 strain, referred as HB-ZJK, in vaginal swabs collected from cattle in China, 2022. The long unique region (LUR) of HB-ZJK is 10,9811 bp in length. It shares 99.17% to 99.38% nucleotide identity to five BoHV-4 strains available in GenBank and the highest similarity was seen with BoHV-4V. test (JN133502.1) strain (99.38%). Mutations, insertions or deletions were observed mainly in HB-ZJK gB (ORF8), TK (ORF21), gH (ORF22), MCP (ORF25), PK (ORF36), gM (ORF39), and gL (ORF47) genes compared to its genomic coordinates. Phylogenetic analyses of gB and TK genes showed that HB-ZJK clustered with China 512 (2019), B6010 (2009), and J4034 (2009) strains, demonstrating that the isolated HB-ZJK belongs to genotype 1. This is the first report that has revealed a comprehensive genome profile of BoHV-4 strain in China. This study will provide foundation for epidemiological investigations of BoHV-4 and contribute to the molecular and pathogenic studies of BoHV-4. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11262-023-01981-5.

Whole Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Isolated from Bovine Abortions

“…The two genome sequences reported in this study add significantly to the six BoGHV4 genomes previously described [7,15,[27][28][29]. Both Argentinean isolates presented the highest nt p-distance values, indicating a greater level of divergence.…”

“…Partial nt sequences of gB and TK have been widely used for BoGHV4 classification and diagnostic purposes [17,18,21,29,30,37,63]. The phylogenetic comparison showed that TK sequences displayed the most similar tree and the shortest geodesic distance compared to the CG.…”

“…Although the complete genome of BoGHV4 has been successfully sequenced, the functions of most of its genes remain unknown. Currently, only six strains of BoGHV4, all belonging to Genotype 1, have been sequenced [7,15,[27][28][29]. This study presents two nearly complete genomes of BoGHV4, Genotypes 2 and 3, derived from clinical cases of cattle abortion in Argentina.…”

Isolation and complete genomic characterization of a Movar 33/63-like Japanese bovine herpesvirus 4 from a calf with respiratory disease

“…Genotype-3 viruses are African buffalo strains [ 7 ]. Six complete genomes of genotype-1 BoHV-4 strains have been sequenced to date, including 66-p-347, SD16-38, and SD16-49 from the United States [ 2 , 32 ]; V.test from Belgium [ 25 ]; FMV09 from Canada [ 14 ]; and HB-ZJK from China [ 15 ].…”

“…Two BoHV-4 strains of undetermined genotype, including K1 and Taiwan, have been isolated from cattle with leukosis and bovine arterial endothelial cell cultures in Taiwan [ 21 , 23 ]. Recently, four strains of genotype 1, including 512, BL6010, J4034, and HB-ZJK, have been isolated from cattle in China [ 15 , 22 ]. Strain 512 was serendipitously isolated from buffy coat fractions of a calf during attempts to isolate the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).…”