Characterization and processability of post-consumer, double-recycled high impact polystyrene from disposable cups

Bhilat, Hanan El; Hachim, Abdelilah; Salmi, Houda; Mharzi, Hassan; Had, Khalid El

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.935

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With the development of the economy and the continuous growth of the global population, disposable products are widely used and promoted [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Disposable paper cups (DPCs) have many advantages, such as relative sanitation, low price, convenient use, and huge output, and they are extensively employed in many families, enterprises, and public places [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the “One-Pot Method”

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Disposable paper cups are usually composed of high-grade paper board and an inner polyethylene coatings and are extensively used in daily life. However, most disposable paper cups are only used for a short time and then incinerated or accumulated in landfill at the end of their service due to the difficulty in separating the components, leading to a serious threat to our ecosystem. Therefore, developing a facile and green method to recycle and reuse disposable paper cups is vital. By using ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as a solvent, transparent and homogenous cellulose/polyethylene composite films were successfully prepared from used bamboo-based disposable paper cups through the “one-pot method”, without any pre-treatment. It was found that there was a transformation of cellulose I to II after the dissolution and regeneration processes, and the crystallinity degree of the regenerated cellulose-based materials decreased significantly, resulting in a change in thermal properties. Meanwhile, compared to traditional pure cellulose films, the composite films possessed good UV-shielding properties and hydrophobicity. Moreover, they also displayed good mechanical properties. Additionally, the size of the ground PE coatings displayed obvious effects on the structures and properties of the composite films, where the CPE100 (sieved with 100–200 mesh) possessed the most homogeneous texture and the highest tensile strength (82 Mpa), higher than that of commercial polyethylene film (9–12 MPa), showing superiority as packaging or wrapping materials. Consequently, the goals to fabricate uniform cellulose/polyethylene composite films and valorize the solid waste from disposable paper cups were simultaneously achieved by a facile and green “one-pot method”.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the “One-Pot Method”

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Meanwhile, the value of stress at break and elongation at break showed an increase in the former and a progressive diminution in the latter [22]. Another finding from Bhilat et al also reported the same occurrence of an increasing MFR value after six successive recycling cycles; however, there was disagreement regarding the tensile test result [23]. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effects of the reprocessing steps on the mechanical properties and printability of recycled filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

From Electronic Waste to 3D-Printed Product, How Multiple Recycling Affects High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Filament Performances

et al. 2023

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The rapid growth of the electronics industry is producing excessive electronic waste. One of the common types of materials in electronic waste is high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). In this study, HIPS from electronic waste was recycled through an extrusion process and used as a 3D print filament. The effects of recycling on printability, physical properties, and mechanical properties in horizontal and vertical directions were examined. It was found that until the fourth-cycle, mechanical properties such as horizontal tensile strength, horizontal flexural strength, vertical flexural strength, and vertical impact strength were comparable with virgin commercial filament. In addition, the vertical flexural modulus in the fourth cycle increased by 77.28%. However, the density of recycled HIPs’ first to the fourth cycle slightly decreased by 10.6%, and the melt flow rate increased by 20.3%. It was also observed that until the third cycle, the effect of the reprocessing steps was insignificant on the defect of the 3D-printed product. In general, the experiments show various results, mainly in mechanical properties. Nevertheless, recycled HIPS filaments are comparable to or better than commercial ones in some cases. As a result, recycled HIPS filaments hold the potential to be considered as an alternative to other types of 3D print filaments.

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“…It should be noted, however, that more significant property reduction has been seen on reprocessing some post-consumer material. 29,33 A factor in this may be the effects of environmental exposure, including UV, which is examined in the following.…”

Section: Materials Properties After Repeated Cycles Of Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model

Belblidia

Gabr

Pittman

et al. 2023

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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An account is presented of successfully implemented Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with recycling to high value products, to help overcome barriers and generate confidence in moving towards Circular Economy (CE) business models. A template for organisations proposing to recycle a thermoplastic is provided by describing appropriate tests and considerations in implementing the recovery and re-use of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) based on a practical, industry case. Simulating the repeated 100% closed loop reprocessing of production scrap, original HIPS has been injection molded to produce tensile and impact test pieces, reground and reprocessed eight times. Assessing the present results together with literature, repeated recycling of production scrap is possible without the need for a remedial compounding step, or changes to processing parameters. Integral to the EPR model is recovery of plastic from returned end-of-life (EoL) products, and in relation to the in-use environment, studies of the effects of UV exposure on virgin material show that significant property degradation can occur. However, with indoor use, as in the present case, this is not seen. Within the CE business model it is desirable to use blends of recovered HIPS originating from different original resin manufacturers. Feeding dry blend regrind directly to the molding machine proved satisfactory, avoiding the need for a compounding/pelletizing step. As an outcome of this study, products are being successfully manufactured from 100% HIPS recovered from EoL products in an environmentally and economically positive CE plan.

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Characterization and processability of post-consumer, double-recycled high impact polystyrene from disposable cups

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the “One-Pot Method”

Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the “One-Pot Method”

From Electronic Waste to 3D-Printed Product, How Multiple Recycling Affects High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Filament Performances

Recycling high impact polystyrene: Material properties and reprocessing in a circular economy business model

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