Characterization and promoter analysis of the mouse gene for transcription factor Sp4

Song, Jun; Mangold, Monika; Suske, Guntram; Geltinger, Christian; Kanazawa, Ichiro; Sun, Kun; Yokoyama, Kazunari K.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00328-6

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, since MAZ is only one of a plethora of factors that recognize GC-rich sequences, transcriptional regulation of its target promoters is likely to be complex and highly dynamic. Sp1 and MAZ, for instance, have been shown to compete for binding to the same or overlapping sites (25,49,50,57), which are often present more than once within a given promoter. Interestingly, phosphorylation by casein kinase II has been shown to enhance DNA binding of MAZ (64), whereas it inhibits DNA binding of Sp1 (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAZ has been implicated in the activation of a number of genes, including RAG-2, Adenovirus major late, (9,14,25,37,49,50,66,70,71,72). In addition, MAZ has been shown to repress its own gene, as well as c-myc, eNOS, Sp4, telomerase, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (28,34,57,60,62,69). Despite its abundant expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle (58,59), the functional role of MAZ in these tissues has not been explored, and to date, no MAZ knockout mouse has been described.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative Proteomic Identification of MAZ as a Transcriptional Regulator of Muscle-Specific Genes in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes

Himeda

Ranish

Hauschka

2008

Molecular and Cellular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We identified a conserved sequence within the Muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter that is critical for high-level activity in skeletal and cardiac myocytes (MCK Promoter Element X [MPEX]). After selectively enriching for MPEX-binding factor(s) (MPEX-BFs), ICAT-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify MPEX-BF candidates, one of which was MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger protein). MAZ transactivates the MCK promoter and binds the MPEX site in vitro, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates enrichment of MAZ at the endogenous MCK promoter and other muscle gene promoters (Skeletal ␣-actin, Desmin, and ␣-Myosin heavy chain) in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Consistent with its role in muscle gene transcription, MAZ transcripts and DNA-binding activity are upregulated during skeletal myocyte differentiation. Furthermore, MAZ was shown to bind numerous sequences (e.g., CTCCTCCC and CTCCACCC) that diverge from the GA box binding motif. Alternate motifs were identified in many muscle promoters, including Myogenin and MEF2C, and one motif was shown to be critical for Six4 promoter activity in both skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Interestingly, MAZ occupies and is able to transactivate the Six4 promoter in skeletal but not cardiac myocytes. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a previously unrecognized role for MAZ in muscle gene regulation.The mouse Muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene serves as a useful model for understanding muscle-specific gene transcription since its expression is restricted to terminally differentiated striated muscle, where it is one of the most abundantly expressed genes. Transcription of MCK is regulated by an upstream enhancer (Ϫ1256 to Ϫ1050), a proximal promoter (Ϫ358 to ϩ7), and an intron 1 modulatory region (ϩ740 to ϩ1731). The upstream enhancer confers muscle-specific expression to reporter constructs in cell culture, transgenic mice, and virus-mediated gene transfer (1,13,24,30,31,56,61) and contains at least seven control elements, which were identified by footprinting, deletion/mutation analysis, and gel mobility shift assays (1,8,16,39,41). The sequences and relative positions of elements in the MCK enhancer (CArG/SRE, AP2, MEF3, A/T-rich, left and right E-boxes, and MEF2) are highly conserved between mammalian species, and many of the associated transcription factors have been identified (11,19,20,27,39,68).In contrast to the upstream enhancer, very little is known about the highly conserved (Ϫ358 to ϩ7) region comprising the MCK proximal promoter. Studies with cultured cells and transgenic mice have demonstrated that the MCK promoter alone is capable of driving muscle-specific expression (30,56) and that it is ϳ40-fold more active in skeletal than in cardiac myocytes (C. L. Himeda and S. D. Hauschka, unpublished data). However, the MCK promoter also synergizes with the upstream enhancer to drive much higher expression of reporter constructs in both types of striated muscle (13,56). The MCK promoter is known to contain a highly conserved E-box and CA...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomic Identification of MAZ as a Transcriptional Regulator of Muscle-Specific Genes in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes

Himeda

Ranish

Hauschka

2008

Molecular and Cellular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is not unique to Sp3, as other Sp family members have similar structures within their 5V ends. Analysis of the murine Sp4 promoter (Song et al, 2001) detected a large CpG island stretching from the 5V flanking region of the Sp4 gene into exon 2. Although the promoter region for the Sp3 gene is currently unknown, it is probable that this region plays a role in regulating transcript expression, whether that be related to silencing or enhancing transcription.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human transcription factor Sp3: genomic structure, identification of a processed pseudogene, and transcript analysis

Moran

Crusio

Chan

et al. 2004

Gene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Transcription factor SP4 is homologous to the Drosophila buttonhead (btd) gene and highly expressed in mouse embryos in the developing central nervous system. The studies in mice suggest that SP4 gene is required for normal male reproductive behavior, and might play an important role in growth, viability and male fertility [73,74] . Similarly, SPATA16 is expressed exclusively in testis and involved in spermatogenesis and male fertility [75] .…”

Section: Analysis Of Positive Selection In 34 Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting positive darwinian selection in brain-expressed genes during human evolution

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2007

CHINESE SCI BULL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand the genetic basis that underlies the phenotypic divergence between human and nonhuman primates, we screened a total of 7176 protein-coding genes expressed in the human brain and compared them with the chimpanzee orthologs to identify genes that show evidence of rapid evolution in the human lineage. Our results showed that the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution (K a /K s ) ratio for genes expressed in the brain of human and chimpanzee is 0.3854, suggesting that the brain-expressed genes are under functional constraint. The X-linked human brain-expressed genes evolved more rapidly than autosomal ones. We further dissected the molecular evolutionary patterns of 34 candidate genes by sequencing representative primate species to identify lineage-specific adaptive evolution. Fifteen out of the 34 candidate genes showed evidence of positive Darwinian selection in human and/or chimpanzee lineages. These genes are predicted to play diverse functional roles in embryonic development, spermatogenesis and male fertility, signal transduction, sensory nociception, and neural function. This study together with others demonstrated the usefulness and power of phylogenetic comparison of multiple closely related species in detecting lineage-specific adaptive evolution, and the identification of the positively selected brain-expressed genes may add new knowledge to the understanding of molecular mechanism of human origin. positive selection, adaptive evolution, brain-expressed gene, hominoidsIn spite of only ~1.23% difference in genomic DNA sequence [1] , human and our closest living relative, chimpanzee, differ considerably in many biological characteristics, especially the enlarged brain and superior cognitive ability in humans [2] . This observation leads to a long-lasting question of what makes human unique.The recent study has shown that the genes involved in diverse functions of nervous system exhibit significantly

show abstract

Characterization and promoter analysis of the mouse gene for transcription factor Sp4

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Quantitative Proteomic Identification of MAZ as a Transcriptional Regulator of Muscle-Specific Genes in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes

Quantitative Proteomic Identification of MAZ as a Transcriptional Regulator of Muscle-Specific Genes in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes

Human transcription factor Sp3: genomic structure, identification of a processed pseudogene, and transcript analysis

Detecting positive darwinian selection in brain-expressed genes during human evolution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About