Characterization and properties of carbon/PMR‐15 composites

Kim, Dae Su; Lee, Jae Rock

doi:10.1002/pat.1995.220061106

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the 1990s a variety of phenylethynyl-in many research areas to study the curing [25], thermal aging [26], crosslinking reaction [5], semi-interpenetrating networks [27,28], as well as structure identification [29,30] of polyimides.…”

Section: Phenylethynyl-terminated Imide Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Cho

Drzal²

2016

Carbon letters

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In efforts to characterize and understand the properties and processing of phenylethynylterminated imide (LaRC PETI-5, simply referred to as PETI-5) oligomers and polymers as a high-temperature sizing material for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, PETI-5 imidization and thermal curing behaviors have been extensively investigated based on the phenylethynyl end-group reaction. These studies are reviewed here. In addition, the use of PETI-5 to enhance interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and a bismaleimide (BMI) matrix, as well as the dynamic mechanical properties of carbon/BMI composites, are discussed. Reports on the thermal expansion behavior of intercalated graphite flake, and the effects of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) on the properties of PETI-5 matrix composites are also reviewed. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties and the electrical resistivity of xGnP/PETI-5 composites are characterized. The effect of liquid rubber amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (ATBN)-coated xGnP particles incorporated into epoxy resin on the toughness of xGnP/epoxy composites is examined in terms of its impact on Izod strength. This paper provides an extensive overview from fundamental studies on PETI-5 and xGnP, as well as applied studies on relevant composite materials.Key words: polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, carbon fiber, composite, properties Phenylethynyl-Terminated Imide PolymerPolyimides have been extensively used in the electronics industry [1] as coatings, films, or adhesives and also in composite applications [2] as a primary or secondary structural material. When incorporated with organic or inorganic fibers, including carbon fibers and glass fibers, they can potentially be applied as a sizing material for high-temperature uses. In advanced applications, one of the most desirable advantages of polyimides, especially the aromatic polyimides, is their excellent high-temperature performance. Their thermal characteristics, including high temperature stability and cure behavior, are critical to successful processing and to the final properties of the resulting polyimide. For aerospace and aircraft applications, advanced polymer materials must successfully maintain their properties at high service temperatures over a long exposure time [3][4][5].The important parameters influencing the heat resistance of a polymeric material are its glass transition temperature (T g ), melting point (T m ), thermal stability, and etc., which may depend on its thermal history. Accordingly, polymers that are used to fulfill such high temperature performance should exhibit a high T g or T m and have excellent thermal stability. Even though some polyimides meet the high temperature requirement, their uses have been limited due to processing difficulties, such as poor solubility in common solvents, the release of volatiles, brittleness, and high processing temperature [6,7].Aromatic polyimides, especially acetylene or ethynyl-terminated polyimides, have been extensiv...

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Section: Phenylethynyl-terminated Imide Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Cho

Drzal²

2016

Carbon letters

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“…Jana et al perhaps made first attempt to enhance mixing in a single‐screw extruder by inserting discontinuous baffles in the flow channel and carried out numerical and experimental investigations correspondingly . Independently, Kwon and colleagues designed another simpler screw channel with only one discontinuous baffle and carried out primary studies by numerical and experimental invesigations . A series of investigations regarding the mixing mechanisms involved, as well as characterizations of their chaos screws, followed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system presented here was inspired by the studies of Kwon and Hwang et al, where mixing performance was investigated using the model of the unwound channel of single‐screw extruder. They used the baffled screw channel as the prototype and flow was disturbed by the nonbaffled zone, so they defined the channel length without baffles as the perturbation section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mixing Performance in Baffled Screw Channel Using Lagrangian Particle Calculations

Kuang

et al. 2015

Adv. Polym. Technol.

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Different kind of discontinuous baffles, which had the larger geometric ratios and higher height than the previous ones, were inserted in the unwound channel of a single-screw extruder to generate chaotic mixing in the screw channel. The periodic unit of the flow channel was modeled as a dynamic system of complex duct flow. The finite-volume method was used to solve the three-dimensional flow of purely viscous, non-Newtonian fluid obeying the power law constitutive model. Lagrangian particle calculations along with the statistical methods were performed by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The effect of the baffle's geometric ratio on the mixing kinematics was investigated numerically. Poincaré sections were applied to reveal the different patterns and sizes of the KAM tori. Period points were analyzed on the lines of the perturbative theory. Distributive mixing was then visualized by the evolution of passive tracer particles initially located at different positions. Shannon entropy index and cumulative residence time distribution (RTD) were then used to evaluate the statistical results. The growth of the tracer's interface with time was also obtained to reveal the intensity of the chaotic mixing. The cases with the geometric ratios being 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 had the similar RTD performance, with shorter mean residence time and the narrower broadening of RTD. Among all the test cases, case B with a geometric ratio equal to 0.5 had the best mixing ability. The results also imply there is likely an optimal baffle geometric ratio between 0.5 and 0.6 that can achieve more efficient mixing. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 201 , , 21577; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

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“…The FTIR method has been also successfully used in many research areas to study cure, 16 thermal aging, 17 crosslinking reaction, 18 semi-interpenetrating network, 19 -20 as well as structure identification [21][22] of polyimides. The overall research objective of this work is ultimately to enhance fibermatrix interfacial properties in high-performance polymer matrix composites reinforced with carbon fibers or glass fibers by incorporating LaRC™ PETI-5 as a high-temperature sizing material for better adhesion and toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, properties, and processing of LaRC? PETI-5 as a high-temperature sizing material. I. FTIR studies on imidization and phenylethynyl end-group reaction behavior

Cho

Drzal

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The imidization and phenylethynyl end-group reaction behavior of phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers (LaRC™ PETI-5) with a number-average molecular weight of 2500 g/mol has been extensively interpreted in terms of the disappearance and appearance of several characteristic absorption peaks. Most characteristic FTIR absorption bands including the phenylethynyl end group occurring via imidization and cure during dynamic and isothermal heat treatments of LaRC™ PETI-5 were clearly resolved and assigned in the present study. The results give some information on temperature-and time-dependency of the cure of LaRC™ PETI-5, which may be useful for determining the processing conditions necessary for use as a high-temperature fiber-sizing material. This study also measures the extent of imidization and the activation energy of cure reaction of this material.

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Characterization and properties of carbon/PMR‐15 composites

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Evaluation of Mixing Performance in Baffled Screw Channel Using Lagrangian Particle Calculations

Characterization, properties, and processing of LaRC? PETI-5 as a high-temperature sizing material. I. FTIR studies on imidization and phenylethynyl end-group reaction behavior

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