Characterization and quantification of<b>γ</b>-oryzanol in grains of 16 Korean rice varieties

Kim, Heon Woong; Kim, Jung Bong; Cho, Soo-Muk; Cho, Il Kyu; Li, Qing X.; Jang, Hyejeong; Lee, Sung-Hyeon; Lee, Young-Min; Hwang, Kyung‐A

doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.971226

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The average c-oryzanol contents in black-purple, green, red and brown rice varieties were 54.2 ± 6.2, 47.3 ± 4.4, 44.6 ± 6.1 and 43.3 ± 4.1 mg OE/100 g dried weight, respectively. The c-oryzanol contents of the regular brown rice varieties observed in this study were consistent with those reported previously (Miller and Engel 2006;Kim et al 2015). A statistically significant difference in average c-oryzanol content was found between black-purple rice varieties and other rice varieties (p \ 0.05).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Diversity in γ-oryzanol profiles of Japanese black-purple rice varieties

2019

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The c-oryzanol contents and the composition of steryl ferulates distributed in Japanese pigmented rice varieties were investigated using the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method for the purpose of expanding their utilisation. The average c-oryzanol content in nine black-purple, four red, four green and three brown rice varieties was 54.2, 47.3, 44.3 and 43.3 mg c-oryzanol equivalent/100 g dried weight, respectively. Among the nine varieties of black-purple rice, five varieties showed steryl ferulate composition similar to that of brown, red and green varieties. In contrast, the composition of steryl ferulates in other four black-purple rice varieties was partially specific and was characterised by a low amount of campesteryl ferulate and high of campestanyl ferulate and stigmastanyl ferulate. The latter two steryl ferulates have been recognised as minor components of coryzanol in rice and as major components in wheat and corn. These results indicate that the compositions of steryl ferulates vary among Japanese black-purple rice varieties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Diversity in γ-oryzanol profiles of Japanese black-purple rice varieties

2019

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“…As other reports have already demonstrated (Heineman et al, 2008;Huang & Ng, 2011;Kim et al, 2015;Miller & Engel, 2006;Roohinejad et al, 2011), this experiment also showed very wide and significant variations in gOZ and GABA concentrations in BN, BG, and PG among cultivars (Figures 3 and 4). Only for GABA concentration in PN, no significant variation was detected.…”

Section: Goz and Gaba Concentrations In Brown Rice And Polished Rice supporting

confidence: 84%

Distribution of γ-oryzanol in the outer layers of brown rice and its variation among cultivars

Kato

Horibata

2020

Plant Production Science

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran accumulates many compounds that are associated with the promotion and maintenance of human health, such as γ-oryzanol (gOZ) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These beneficial compounds in the bran fraction are mostly removed in polished rice. The present study sought rice cultivars with high concentrations of gOZ, and also of GABA, in polished rice, and examined the distribution of gOZ content in the outer layers of brown rice. The effects of germination treatment were also examined as a means to enrich gOZ and GABA in polished rice. GABA concentration showed no significant variation among 19 cultivars in polished rice, whereas a wide variation was detected in brown rice, for which cultivar Kinuhikari had the highest amount. Germination treatment for 5 h significantly enhanced GABA concentration. gOZ concentrations also showed a wide variation among cultivars in both brown rice and polished rice, with no clear correlation. Hattan, a sake-brewing cultivar, exhibited the highest gOZ concentration in polished rice. This cultivar involved higher gOZ in the outermost layer of polished rice, whereas it had a lower content in the bran fraction. This permeation of gOZ into polished rice might be related to the endosperm properties characteristic to sake-brewing cultivars. In contrast to GABA, gOZ concentration did not increase with germination treatment in brown rice or polished rice. Because the gOZ concentration in polished rice was insufficient even in the Hattan cultivar, breeding and/or other processing techniques are needed to obtain gOZ-enriched polished rice. Percentages of γ-oryzanol (gOZ) content in different layers and the core of brown rice. (a) Comparison among layers and the core in each of six rice cultivars, and (b) comparison among six cultivars in each of the layers and the core. Means with the same letter did not differ significantly at the 0.01 probability level, within each cultivar (a) and within each layer or the core (b). See text for layers and core.

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“…γ-oryzanol is a mix of triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates with lipid-lowering actions by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and the reduction of intestinal cholesterol absorption [ 183 ]. To date in Korea at least 16 varieties of rice bran oil, containing different percentages of γ-oryzanol (26.7 to 61.6 mg/100 g), have been identified [ 184 ].…”

Section: Other Nutraceuticals With Mixed Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel

Cicero¹,

Colletti²,

Bajraktari³

et al. 2017

aoms

261

217

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, reaching 31% of deaths in 2012 [1]. In particular, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the main causes of premature death in Europe and are responsible for 42% of deaths in women and 38% in men under 75 years old [2]. The global economic impact of CVD is estimated to have been US $906 billion in 2015 and is expected to rise by 22% by 2030 [3]. Cardiovascular diseases also represent the major cause of disability in developed countries. It has been estimated that their growing burden could lead to a global increase in loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from a loss of 85 million DALYs in 1990 to a loss of ~150 million DALYs in 2020, becoming a major non-psychological cause of lost productivity [4]. Several risk factors contribute to the etiology and development of CVD; they are divided into those modifiable through lifestyle changes or by taking a pharmacologic treatment (e.g. for hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and those that are not modifiable (age, male gender, and family history) [5]. Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) blood concentrations are the major modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas high concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in certain conditions are considered protective [6]. Moreover, LDL-C remains a fundamental CV risk factor (and a main target of therapy) even when statins are largely used in the general population [7]. An examination of the data of 18 053 participants aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006 showed that the unadjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia ranged from 53.2% to 56.1% in United States adults [8]. Differences related to gender and race or ethnicity were observed; in particular, a lower rate of control was found among women than men and lower rates of having a cholesterol check and being told about hypercholesterolemia were reported by African Americans and Mexican Americans than whites [8]. A recent report from the American Heart Association confirmed that in the US only 75.7% of children and 46.6% of adults present targeted TC levels (TC < 170 mg/dl for children and < 200 mg/dl for adults, in untreated individuals) [9]. The pattern is similar in other Western countries [10, 11]

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Characterization and quantification ofγ-oryzanol in grains of 16 Korean rice varieties

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Diversity in γ-oryzanol profiles of Japanese black-purple rice varieties

Diversity in γ-oryzanol profiles of Japanese black-purple rice varieties

Distribution of γ-oryzanol in the outer layers of brown rice and its variation among cultivars

Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel

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