Characterization and remote sensing of biological particles using circular polarization

Nagdimunov, Lev; Kolokolova, L.; Mackowski, Daniel W.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.04.018

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, the prospects of using circular polarization as a biomarker in the investigation of habitable exoplanets have prompted new research on this front (e.g. Sparks et al 2009; Nagdimunov et al 2014).…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a comprehensive model of Earth's disk-integrated Stokes vector

Muñoz

2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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A significant body of work on simulating the remote appearance of Earth-like exoplanets has been done over the last decade. The research is driven by the prospect of characterizing habitable planets beyond the Solar System in the near future. In this work, I present a method to produce the disk-integrated signature of planets that are described in their three-dimensional complexity, i.e. with both horizontal and vertical variations in the optical properties of their envelopes. The approach is based on pre-conditioned backward Monte Carlo integration of the vector Radiative Transport Equation and yields the full Stokes vector for outgoing reflected radiation. The method is demonstrated through selected examples inspired by published work at wavelengths from the visible to the near infrared and terrestrial prescriptions of both cloud and surface albedo maps. A clear advantage of this approach is that its computational cost does not appear to be significantly affected by non-uniformities in the planet optical properties. Earth's simulated appearance is strongly dependent on wavelength; both brightness and polarisation undergo diurnal variations arising from changes in the planet cover, but polarisation yields a better insight into variations with phase angle. There is partial cancellation of the polarised signal from the northern and southern hemispheres so that the outgoing polarisation vector lies preferentially either in the plane parallel or perpendicular to the planet scattering plane, also for non-uniform cloud and albedo properties and various levels of absorption within the atmosphere. The evaluation of circular polarisation is challenging; a number of one-photon experiments of 1E9 or more is needed to resolve hemispherically-integrated degrees of circular polarisation of a few times 1E-5. Last, I introduce brightness curves..

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Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a comprehensive model of Earth's disk-integrated Stokes vector

Muñoz

2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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“…Extrapolating from optical data results in expected values of about 7% at 180 nm for phase angles of 40° to 60° (Kiselev et al, 2008 ). Circular polarization in the optical ranges is around ∼1% and can be produced by several mechanisms, including multiple scattering in asymmetric particle distributions and scattering by intrinsically asymmetric particles that may (Nagdimunov et al, 2013 ) or may not (Guirado et al, 2007 ) be organic. However, the CD signature of a given amino acid is observed in a narrow spectral band and provides conclusive identification of the molecule that can be further confirmed by ORD detection and the Cotton effect (see, e.g., the UV spectral signature of CD for various amino acids in Meierhenrich et al [ 2010 ], Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints for Use of Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry to Detect Chiral Amino Acids from Comets

Castro

Isidro-Gómez

2021

Astrobiology

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Life is pervasive on planet Earth, but whether life is ubiquitous in the Galaxy and sustainable over timescales comparable to stellar evolution is unknown. Evidence suggests that life first appeared on Earth more than 3.77 Gyr ago, during a period of heavy meteoric bombardment. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, have been demonstrated to exist in interstellar ice. As such, the contribution of space-generated amino acids to those existing on Earth should be considered. However, detection of space amino acids is challenging. In this study, we used analytical data from several meteorites and in situ measurements of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko collected by the Rosetta probe to evaluate the detectability of alanine by ultraviolet spectropolarimetry. Alanine is the second-most abundant amino acid after glycine and is optically active. This chirality produces a unique signature that enables reliable identification of this amino acid using the imprint of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) in the ultraviolet spectrum (130-230 nm). Here, we show that the ORD signature could be detected in comets by using ultraviolet spectropolarimetric observations conducted at middle size space observatories. These observations can also provide crucial information for the study of sources of enantiomeric imbalance on Earth.

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“…Thus, the development of polarization sensors for detecting circularly or linearly polarized light has attracted intensive attention in recent years because such sensors could presumably be used to visualize the birefringence and stress of objects. [25][26][27][28] However, in the structure of existing polarization sensors, a polarizer array is stacked on a photodiode and the polarization direction is separated for each pixel, resulting in reduced detection sensitivity and a lower extinction ratio. The detection of CPL requires a quarter-wavelength plate, which substantially reduces sensitivity; this design has consequently not been implemented in practice.…”

Section: Direct Detection Of Circular Polarized Light In Organic-inorganic Hybrid Thin Films With a Onedimensional (1d) Helical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Photofunctional Devices Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures

Ishii¹

2021

Electrochemistry

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In this research, organic-inorganic hybrid materials that enable the detection and manipulation of "invisible light" such as weak light, polarized light, and near-infrared (NIR) light are prepared and optoelectronic devices based on these materials are developed. The photoelectric conversion or energy transfer process resulting from light absorption is precisely controlled at the heterointerface of organicinorganic hybrid structures, which enables the highly efficient amplification, conversion, and detection of invisible light under normal temperatures and pressures. Here, novel optical functions and devices based on organic-inorganic hybrid structures and interfaces are presented. For instance, in a hybrid structure in which organic molecules and inorganic semiconductors are chemically bonded, photocurrent was amplified more than 2000-fold at their heterointerface, resulting in highly sensitive photodetection at a low voltage (<1V). As a novel device structure for the direct detection of circularly polarized light with high sensitivity, an inorganic crystal thin film with a one-dimensional helical structure was fabricated via interaction with organic chiral molecules. For NIR light, dye-sensitized up-conversion nanoparticles that can convert NIR light as weak as sunlight into visible light with high efficiency were developed and incorporated into a perovskite-based visible-light detector. This device detected light in the NIR region through energy conversion from NIR to visible light. NIR light was promoted as ultrabright luminescence by one-photon absorption two-photon emission (quantum-cutting) process in heterometal hybridized crystal thin films. A light-emitting diode was fabricated and demonstrated 6% external conversion efficiency of field emission in the NIR region.

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Characterization and remote sensing of biological particles using circular polarization

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Towards a comprehensive model of Earth's disk-integrated Stokes vector

Towards a comprehensive model of Earth's disk-integrated Stokes vector

Constraints for Use of Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry to Detect Chiral Amino Acids from Comets

Development of Photofunctional Devices Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures

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