Characterization and seasonal variations of levoglucosan in fine particulate matter in Xi’an, China

Zhang, Ting; Cao, Junji; Chow, Judith C.; Shen, Zhenxing; Ho, Kin-Fai; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Liu, Suixin; Han, Yongming; Watson, John G.; Wang, Gehui; Huang, Ru‐Jin

doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.944959

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The concentration of LG varied from 0.01 to 1.72 µg•m −3 depending on season (Figure 7). Furthermore, similar LG concentration levels have been observed in China [14]. Levoglucosan concentrations, with a 24-h average ranging from 46 to 1889 ng•m LG concentration was observed in November (average temperature 1 °C and relative humidity 88%) and it may be explained by the higher consumption of wood for residential heating in the colder months and/or by LG condensation on PM10 [36][37][38].…”

Section: Correlation Between Total Carbon (Tc) Elemental Carbon (Ec)supporting

confidence: 50%

“…The concentration of LG varied from 0.01 to 1.72 µg·m −3 depending on season (Figure 7). Furthermore, similar LG concentration levels have been observed in China [14]. Levoglucosan concentrations, with a 24-h average ranging from 46 to 1889 ng·m −3 and an For this study, levoglucosan was determined from the PM10 fraction collected on quartz filters as tracers of biomass-burning emissions.…”

Section: Correlation Between Total Carbon (Tc) Elemental Carbon (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

2017

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Abstract:In this study, the ambient aerosol (PM 10 ) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), and levoglucosan are reported for a Polish health resort following a one-year (March 2016-April 2017) sampling campaign. The seasonal variation of OC, EC, and levoglucosan (LG) concentrations showed their maximum during the heating season for this site, with monthly mean total carbonaceous material/PM 10 ratios ranging between about 0.28 and 0.44 depending on the season. Average EC concentration was 1.1 ± 0.6 µg·m −3 and changed from 0.3 µg·m −3 up to 2.3 µg·m −3 during the sampling campaign. The OC concentration at the site ranged from 2.4 µg·m −3 during the non-heating season up to 22 µg·m −3 in the heating season, with an average of 7 µg·m −3 . A strong correlation between OC and EC in the heating season suggested that they were produced from similar sources during this time. Mean LG concentration during the sampling campaign was 0.51 µg·m −3 , while in the heating season it was 0.72 µg·m −3 and in 0.19 µg·m −3 in the non-heating season. The obtained results indicated a strong influence of local primary source emissions on air quality, especially during the heating period.

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Section: Correlation Between Total Carbon (Tc) Elemental Carbon (Ec)supporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Correlation Between Total Carbon (Tc) Elemental Carbon (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

2017

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“…Coarse K may have other sources than biomass burning (for example crustal and marine origin) (Reche et al, 2012;Nava et al, 2015). The ratio levoglucosan/OC has been widely used in the literature to identify episodes of biomass burning (e.g., Reche et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2014). The good correlation obtained between AAE and the levoglucosan/OC ratio (R 2 = 0.61)…”

Section: Biomass Burning Tracersmentioning

confidence: 62%

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

Titos

Águila

Cazorla

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

140

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Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of atmospheric particles in many parts of the world. Whereas many studies have demonstrated the importance of BB emissions in central and northern Europe, especially in rural areas, its impact in urban air quality of southern European countries has been sparsely investigated. In this study, highly time resolved multi-wavelength absorption coefficients together with levoglucosan (BB tracer) mass concentrations were combined to apportion carbonaceous aerosol sources. TheAethalometer model takes advantage of the different spectral behaviour of BB and fossil fuel (FF) combustion aerosols. The model was found to be more sensitive to the assumed value of the aerosol Ångström exponent (AAE) for FF (AAEff) than to the AAE for BB (AAEbb). As result of various sensitivity tests the model was optimized with AAEff = 1.1 and AAEbb = 2. The Aethalometer model and levoglucosan tracer estimates were in good agreement. The Aethalometer model was further applied to data from three sites in Granada urban area to evaluate the spatial variation of CMff and CMbb (carbonaceous matter from FF or BB origin, respectively) concentrations within the city. The results showed that CMbb was lower in the city centre while it has an unexpected profound impact on the CM levels measured in the suburbs (about 40%). Analysis of BB tracers with respect to wind speed suggested that BB was dominated by sources outside the city, to the west in a rural area. Distinguishing whether it corresponds to agricultural waste burning or with biomass burning for domestic heating was not possible. This study also shows that although traffic restrictions measures contribute to reduce carbonaceous concentrations, the extent of the reduction is very local. Other sources such as BB, which can contribute to CM as much as traffic emissions, should be targeted to reduce air pollution.

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“…Annual average b ap ranged from 37 to 96 Mm −1 with higher values observed in Chengdu and Xi'an (likely due to popular biomass burning besides large amount of coal burning) (Cao et al, 2012a;Tao et al, 2014a, b;Wang et al, 2017a;Zhang et al, 2014b), and lower values in Shouxian and rural Beijing Yan et al, 2008;. b ap in Guangzhou was higher than that in Beijing and Shanghai despite their similar PM 2.5 EC levels, likely due to the different coating of EC in Guangzhou than in other cities.…”

Section: Geographical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Characterization and seasonal variations of levoglucosan in fine particulate matter in Xi’an, China

Cited by 66 publications

References 58 publications

Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

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Characterization and seasonal variations of levoglucosan in fine particulate matter in Xi’an, China

Cited by 66 publications

References 58 publications

Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

Characterization and Seasonal Variations of Organic and Elemental Carbon and Levoglucosan in PM10 in Krynica Zdroj, Poland

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China