Characterization and subtyping of Cronobacter spp. from imported powdered infant formulae in Argentina

Terragno, R.; Salve, Angela; Pichel, Mariana; Epszteyn, S.; Brengi, Silvina P.; Binsztein, Norma

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.013

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The isolated Cronobacter spp. from commercial PIF samples in Argentina and Bangladesh, respectively, were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics (Terragno et al, 2009;Hoque et al, 2010). In the combined results of molecular typing experiments of the current study, although there was only a minimal difference between the banding patterns of Pattern10 and Pattern09 in the PFGE assay, the Pattern10 strains were resistant to ceftazidime and ampicillin/sulbactam, whereas the Pattern09 strains were susceptible to both antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Isolation and Molecular Typing ofCronobacterspp. in Commercial Powdered Infant Formula and Follow-Up Formula

Pan

Cui²,

Lyu³

et al. 2014

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) are important foodborne pathogens. Infections with this pathogen can lead to neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bacteremia. This study examined Cronobacter spp. contamination in commercial powdered infant formulas (PIFs) and follow-up formulas (FUFs) in China. Forty-nine of 399 samples were contaminated with Cronobacter spp. and 10.2% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime; in contrast, all of the tested isolates were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses produced a total of 16 PFGE banding patterns and 11 sequence types (STs), including 7 novel STs. In summary, the rates at which Cronobacter spp. were isolated from commercial PIF and FUF samples in China were relatively high, and the isolated strains exhibited high susceptibility in vitro to most antibiotics. The PFGE method exhibited higher typing capability than the MLST method, and molecular typing results revealed that the contamination of PIF and FUF with Cronobacter spp. in China may be mainly due to the addition of contaminated materials. Thus, the development of more effective control strategies during the manufacturing process is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Isolation and Molecular Typing ofCronobacterspp. in Commercial Powdered Infant Formula and Follow-Up Formula

Pan

Cui²,

Lyu³

et al. 2014

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…The primers and the detailed amplification conditions for these fragments are available at: http://pubmlst.org/cronobacter/info/protocol.shtml. To identify Cronobacter spp., the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses of fusA allele was conducted using MEGA, version 5.0 . Concatenated DNA sequences for sequence types not detected in the present study were downloaded from the MLST database available at: http://pubmlst.org/cronobacter/.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and molecular typing of Cronobacter spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow‐up formula from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong Province, China

Zhang

Hou

et al. 2016

J Sci Food Agric

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The contamination rate in the PIF and FUF has stayed at a relatively high level. The contamination rate of PIF was significantly lower than FUF. The isolates had high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested, except cefoxitin. There were polymorphisms between the Cronobacter spp. as indicated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Therefore, contamination with Cronobacter spp. remains a current issue for commercial infant formulas in China. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is an accepted method for tracking isolates across the food chain, and this approach is generally considered suitable for epidemiological studies (12,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Cronobacter species was developed, which focuses on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with seven housekeeping genes (including atpD, fusA, glnS, gltB, gyrB, infB, and pps) and identifies their associated alleles (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of Cronobacter Species Cultured from Four Powdered Infant Formula Production Facilities: Indication of Pathoadaptation along the Food Chain

Yan

Wang

Gangiredla

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cCronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the environment. Among the seven Cronobacter species, Cronobacter sakazakii sequence type 4 (ST-4) is predominantly associated with recorded cases of infantile meningitis. This study reports on a 26-month powdered infant formula (PIF) surveillance program in four production facilities located in distinct geographic regions. The objective was to identify the ST(s) in PIF production environments and to investigate the phenotypic features that support their survival. Of all 168 Cronobacter isolates, 133 were recovered from a PIF production environment, 31 were of clinical origin, and 4 were laboratory type strains. Sequence type 1 (n ‫؍‬ 84 isolates; 63.9%) was the dominant type in PIF production environments. The majority of these isolates clustered with an indistinguishable pulsotype and persisted for at least an 18-month period. Moreover, DNA microarray results identified two phylogenetic lineages among ST-4 strains tested. Thereafter, the ST-1 and -4 isolates were phenotypically compared. Differences were noted based on the phenotypes expressed by these isolates. The ST-1 PIF isolates produced stronger biofilms at both 28°C and 37°C, while the ST-4 clinical isolates exhibited greater swimming activity and increased binding to Congo red dye. Given the fact that PIF is a low-moisture environment and that the clinical environment provides for an interaction between the pathogen and its host, these differences may be consistent with a form of pathoadaptation. These findings help to extend our current understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of Cronobacter species in PIF production environments. The epidemiological link between Cronobacter infection in neonates and contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) has been previously established (4, 5), with C. sakazakii sequence type 4 (ST-4) being linked to cases of meningitis (6). Outbreaks have been associated with contaminated food products and the presence of this bacterium in PIF production environments (5, 7).In order to rapidly and accurately characterize Cronobacter species in PIF and its associated environments, several molecularbased protocols have been developed, which include direct target gene detection and subtyping methods (8-20). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is an accepted method for tracking isolates across the food chain, and this approach is generally considered suitable for epidemiological studies (12,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Cronobacter species was developed, which focuses on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with seven housekeeping genes (including atpD, fusA, glnS, gltB, gyrB, infB, and pps) and identifies their associated alleles (29). This protocol has been used to describe some of the diversity related to the genus (6, 29-31). Both PFGE and MLST have been widely applied to study the genomic diversity of Cronobacter isolated from manufacturing facilities, commercial PIF, and follow-up formula, as we...

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Characterization and subtyping of Cronobacter spp. from imported powdered infant formulae in Argentina

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Isolation and Molecular Typing ofCronobacterspp. in Commercial Powdered Infant Formula and Follow-Up Formula

Isolation and Molecular Typing ofCronobacterspp. in Commercial Powdered Infant Formula and Follow-Up Formula

Surveillance and molecular typing of Cronobacter spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow‐up formula from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong Province, China

Comparative Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of Cronobacter Species Cultured from Four Powdered Infant Formula Production Facilities: Indication of Pathoadaptation along the Food Chain

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