Characterization and use of a digital light projector for vision research

Packer, Orin S.; Diller, Lisa C.; Verweij, Jan; Lee, Barry B.; Pokorny, Joel; Williams, David R.; Dacey, Dennis M.; Brainard, David H.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00271-6

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Visual stimuli were generated by a three-channel digital projector (VistaGRAPHX 2500; Christie Digital, Cypress, CA) controlled by custom software through a VSG3 stimulus generator (Cambridge Research Systems, Cambridge, UK) (Packer et al, 2001). The light stimulus was delivered to the camera port of the microscope via relay optics and brought into focus with a 4ϫ objective producing a stimulus area of 2.96 ϫ 2.22 mm on the retinal surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH Buffering on Horizontal and Ganglion Cell Light Responses in Primate Retina: Evidence for the Proton Hypothesis of Surround Formation

2008

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Negative feedback from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors is regarded as the critical pathway for the formation of the antagonistic surround of retinal neurons, yet the mechanism by which horizontal cells accomplish negative feedback has been difficult to determine. Recent evidence suggests that feedback uses a novel, non-GABAergic pathway that directly modulates the calcium current in cones. In non-mammalian vertebrates, enrichment of retinal pH buffering capacity attenuates horizontal cell feedback, supporting one model in which feedback occurs by horizontal cell modulation of the extracellular pH in the cone synaptic cleft. Here we test the effect of exogenous pH buffering on the response dynamics of H1 horizontal cells and the center-surround receptive field structure of parasol ganglion cells in the macaque monkey retina. Enrichment of the extracellular buffering capacity with HEPES selectively attenuates surround antagonism in parasol ganglion cells. The H1 horizontal cell light response includes a slow, depolarizing component that is attributed to negative feedback to cones. This part of the response is attenuated by HEPES and other pH buffers in a dose-dependent manner that is correlated with predicted buffering capacity. The selective effects of pH buffering on the parasol cell surround and H1 cell light response suggests that, in primate retina, horizontal cell feedback to cones is mediated via a pH-dependent mechanism and is a major determinant of the ganglion cell receptive field surround.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH Buffering on Horizontal and Ganglion Cell Light Responses in Primate Retina: Evidence for the Proton Hypothesis of Surround Formation

2008

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“…Spots, annuli, and sinusoidal gratings were created with a retinal stimulator based on a digital light projector (Packer et al, 2001). Stimulus parameters were sent to a VSG3 stimulus generator (Cambridge Research Systems, Kent, UK) that created the video signal used to drive a digital light projector (VistaGRAPHX 2500; Christie Digital, Cypress, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

McMahon¹,

Packer²,

Dacey³

2004

J. Neurosci.

107

103

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Although the center-surround receptive field is a fundamental property of retinal ganglion cells, the circuitry that mediates surround inhibition remains controversial. We examined the contribution of horizontal cells and amacrine cells to the surround of parasol ganglion cells of macaque and baboon retina by measuring receptive field structure before and during the application of drugs that have been shown previously to affect surrounds in a range of mammalian and nonmammalian species. Carbenoxolone and cobalt, thought to attenuate feedback from horizontal cells to cones, severely reduced the surround. Tetrodotoxin, which blocks sodium spiking in amacrine cells, and picrotoxin, which blocks the inhibitory action of GABA, only slightly reduced the surround. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the surrounds of light-adapted parasol ganglion cells are generated primarily by non-GABAergic horizontal cell feedback in the outer retina, with a small contribution from GABAergic amacrine cells of the inner retina.

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“…Spatial tuning curves were measured using a digital light projector (Packer et al, 2001). Drifting sine wave luminance gratings were imaged directly on the retina through the camera port of the physiological microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

Diller¹,

Packer²,

Verweij³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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Characterization and use of a digital light projector for vision research

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of pH Buffering on Horizontal and Ganglion Cell Light Responses in Primate Retina: Evidence for the Proton Hypothesis of Surround Formation

Effects of pH Buffering on Horizontal and Ganglion Cell Light Responses in Primate Retina: Evidence for the Proton Hypothesis of Surround Formation

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

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