Characterization, Function, and Transcriptional Profiling Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Gene (GbHMGS1) towards Stresses and Exogenous Hormone Treatments in Ginkgo biloba

Meng, Xiangxiang; Song, Qiling; Ye, Jiabao; Wang, Lanlan; Xu, Feng

doi:10.3390/molecules22101706

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…MJ is a well-known elicitor of secondary metabolism in plants 46 and can elicit the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, and acacetin, a flavonoid compound with multiple pharmaceutical values 47 . Moreover, applying MJ induces the expression of the genes involved in terpenoid synthesis, such as GbHMGS1 48 , GbHMGS2 49 , and GbIDS2 50 . However, contrary to these genes, GbHMGR2 expression was suppressed after treatment with MJ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and functional analysis of two novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes (GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3) from Ginkgo biloba

Rao

Meng

Liao

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Terpene trilactones (TTLs) are the main secondary metabolites of Ginkgo biloba. As one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway of TTL biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A to form MVA. In this study, two cDNA sequences of HMGR genes, namely, GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3, were cloned from G. biloba. The protein sequences of GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3, which contain several functional domains, were analyzed. Regulatory elements related to light, hormone, and stress response were detected in the promoter regions of GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3. The catalytic activity of these genes was verified by a functional complement experiment in yeast. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed the distinct expression patterns of the two genes in different organs. The TTL contents in the organs were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography– evaporative light scattering detector. GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3 were responded to cold, dark, methyl jasmonate (MJ), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (Eth) treatments. The TTL contents were also regulated by cold, dark, MJ, ABA, SA, and Eth treatment. In conclusion, GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3 may participate in the MVA pathway of TTL biosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and functional analysis of two novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes (GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3) from Ginkgo biloba

Rao

Meng

Liao

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Earlier investigations proved that HMGS is responsive to diverse abiotic stresses, such as exposure to cold, ultraviolet B [35], and drought [34]. These findings imply that HMGS may participate in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that HMGS also has important regulatory functions [32]. To date, HMGS genes have been isolated and cloned from several plants, including A. thaliana [33], Brassica juncea [34], Ginkgo biloba [35], and Zea mays [36]. Studies have revealed that HMGS genes are important for plants’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and are also related to the synthesis of plant terpenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have revealed that HMGS genes are important for plants’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and are also related to the synthesis of plant terpenes. In G. biloba , the expression of GbHMGS1 is reportedly induced by abiotic stresses (ultraviolet B and cold) and hormone treatments (salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon) [35]. A previous study confirmed that the overexpression of GlHMGS in Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-zhi) resulted in ganoderic acid contents that were approximately 15.1–24.2% higher than the control group [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary Conservation and Divergence of Genes Encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase in the Allotetraploid Cotton Species Gossypium hirsutum

Liu

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Cells

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Polyploidization is important for the speciation and subsequent evolution of many plant species. Analyses of the duplicated genes produced via polyploidization events may clarify the origin and evolution of gene families. During terpene biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) functions as a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. In this study, we first identified a total of 53 HMGS genes in 23 land plant species, while no HMGS genes were detected in three green algae species. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that plant HMGS genes may have originated from a common ancestral gene before clustering in different branches during the divergence of plant lineages. Then, we detected six HMGS genes in the allotetraploid cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum), which was twice that of the two diploid cotton species (Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum). The comparison of gene structures and phylogenetic analysis of HMGS genes revealed conserved evolution during polyploidization in Gossypium. Moreover, the expression patterns indicated that six GhHMGS genes were expressed in all tested tissues, with most genes considerably expressed in the roots, and they were responsive to various phytohormone treatments and abiotic stresses. The sequence and expression divergence of duplicated genes in G. hirsutum implied the sub-functionalization of GhHMGS1A and GhHMGS1D as well as GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D, whereas it implied the pseudogenization of GhHMGS2A and GhHMGS2D. Collectively, our study unraveled the evolutionary history of HMGS genes in green plants and from diploid to allotetraploid in cotton and illustrated the different evolutionary fates of duplicated HMGS genes resulting from polyploidization.

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“…Meng et al [13,19] investigated ginkgo HMGS genes through prokaryotic expression and yeast complementation assays. The main objectives of this study were to further investigate the function of GbHMGS1 and reveal the role of GbHMGS1 participating in increasing the related terpenoid content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous GbHMGS1 Overexpression Improves the Contents of Three Terpenoids in Transgenic Populus

Wang

Yue

et al. 2021

Forests

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Ginkgo biloba L. has attracted much attention due to its medicinal properties, particularly those of its terpenoid and flavonoid contents. However, the content and utilization efficiency of terpenoids remain low. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGS) is a major rate-limiting factor, and RNA-seq has revealed that the mRNA expression of this enzyme is differentially expressed during terpenoid biosynthesis. Here, we investigated the function of the GbHMGS1 gene and its overexpression in Populus. We compared the metabolite contents of nontransgenic (CK) Populus with those of transgenic Populus lines through metabolomics analysis. Our results indicate that the GbHMGS1 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. Significant differences in chemical characteristics were found between the transgenic and CK plants, and a total of 31 differentially expressed metabolites were upregulated in the transgenic plants. We also found higher contents of lanosterol (triterpenoid), dehydroabietic acid (diterpenoid), and phytol (diterpenoid) in the transgenic Populus plants than in their CK counterparts. We thus speculate that GbHMGS1 might regulate plant-related product formation and increase metabolite contents. This study revealed the molecular mechanism governing metabolite synthesis and suggested that one triterpenoid and two diterpenoids with significant upregulation can be used as markers for the breeding of plants with specific terpenoid metabolism-related characteristics.

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Characterization, Function, and Transcriptional Profiling Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Gene (GbHMGS1) towards Stresses and Exogenous Hormone Treatments in Ginkgo biloba

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Characterization and functional analysis of two novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes (GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3) from Ginkgo biloba

Characterization and functional analysis of two novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes (GbHMGR2 and GbHMGR3) from Ginkgo biloba

Evolutionary Conservation and Divergence of Genes Encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase in the Allotetraploid Cotton Species Gossypium hirsutum

Exogenous GbHMGS1 Overexpression Improves the Contents of Three Terpenoids in Transgenic Populus

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