Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung

Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Chang, Cheng‐Nan; Wu, Yuh-Shen; Fu, Peter P.; Yang, I-Lin; Chen, Ming‐Hsiang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.016

Cited by 198 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because of their higher volatility, low to medium molecular weight PAHs (3-5 rings) were more abundant in the gasphase similar to the previous studies [10,14,20,21]. 26,8,22, and 16% of S 14 PAHs, respectively.…”

Section: Ambient Pah Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Clean Soil Air Water

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Ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were collected at a suburban (n ¼ 63) and at an urban site (n ¼ 14) in Izmir, Turkey. Average gas-phase total PAH ( P 14 PAH) concentrations were 23.5 ng m À3 for suburban and 109.7 ng m À3 for urban sites while average particle-phase total PAH concentrations were 12.3 and 34.5 ng m À3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Higher ambient PAH concentrations were measured in the gas-phase and P 14 PAH concentrations were dominated by lower molecular weight PAHs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the meteorological parameters were effective on ambient PAH concentrations. Emission sources of particle-phase PAHs were investigated using a diagnostic plot of fluorene (FLN)/ (fluorine þ pyrene; PY) versus indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY/(indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY þ benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and several diagnostic ratios. These approaches have indicated that traffic emissions (petroleum combustion) were the dominant PAH sources at both sites for summer and winter seasons. Experimental gas-particle partition coefficients (K P ) were compared to the predictions of octanol-air (K OA ) and soot-air (K SA ) partition coefficient models. The correlations between experimental and modeled K P values were significant (r 2 ¼ 0.79 and 0.94 for suburban and urban sites, respectively, p < 0.01). Octanol-based absorptive partitioning model predicted lower partition coefficients especially for relatively volatile PAHs. However, overall there was a relatively good agreement between the measured K P and soot-based model predictions.

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Section: Ambient Pah Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Another two additional sampling campaigns were conducted between March 17-24, 2004 (winter) and July [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]2004 (summer) at the urban site. Successive seven ambient air samples were collected for each sampling period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Clean Soil Air Water

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“…It was found that the PAHs levels both in the water and in the SPM in the West Liao River were significantly higher than that in other rivers. Low-ring PAHs were dominant in all PAHs samples, and the level of low-ring PAHs in ∑PAHs-S total PAHs in SPM, ∑PAHs-D total dissolved PAHs in waters, SPM total content of suspended particular matters *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed) **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed) Sources: Khalili et al 1995;Simcik et al1999;Fang et al 2004;Doong et al 2004;Yunker et al 2002 surface water was higher than that in SPM. The proportion of two-ring PAHs was the highest, accounting for an average of 68.2 % of the total PAHs in surface water, while the level of three-ring PAHs was the highest in SPM, with an average of 66.3 %.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ratios of specific individual PAHs are characteristic of different sources (Simcik et al 1999;Zhang and Tao 2008). The ratios of BaA/Chr, IPy/BPE, Fla/(Fla + Pyr), Phe/Ant, and BaP/BPE were used to identify the possible origins of PAHs in SPM in this study, while only Fla/ (Fla + Pyr) and Phe/Ant were used to identify the origins Table 6, together with those of other studies (Khalili et al 1995;Simcik et al 1999;Yunker et al 2002;Doong and Lin 2004;Fang et al 2004;Barreca et al 2014;Orecchio et al 2010). …”

Section: Emission Sources Of Pahs In the Liao River Drainage Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liao River drainage basin, northeast China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environ Monit Assess

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The Liao River drainage basin, which is one of China's seven major rivers basins, is located in northeast China. This region is characterized by important industrial bases including steel factories and oil and chemical plants, all of which have the potential to contribute pollutants to the drainage basin. In this study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the major rivers of the Liao River drainage basin were identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 76.5 μg/g (dry weight) in SPM and 32.6 to 108 ng/L in surface water, respectively. Low-ring PAHs (including two-and three-ring PAHs) were dominant in all PAH samples, and the level of low-ring PAHs in surface water was higher than that in SPM. The proportion of two-ring PAHs was the highest, accounting for an average of 68.2 % of the total PAHs in surface water, while the level of three-ring PAHs was the highest in SPM, with an average of 66.3 %. When compared with other river systems, the concentrations of PAHs in the Liao River drainage basin were lower. Identification of the emission sources based on diagnostic ratios suggested petroleum and fossil fuel combustion were important contribution to PAHs in the study area.

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“…On the other hand, PC3 showed a strong correlation with 1,4-PQ and 9,10-PQ (Table 3). These two quinones are formed either in the gas phase, involving reaction of phenanthrene directly with oxygenated secondary species like O 3 , HO•, and NO 3 [38], or they are emitted by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel [39], particularly diesel [40]. A diesel source is consistent with the intensity and type of vehicular traffic at the sampling site in Centro, which is mainly constituted by heavy-duty vehicles employed for passenger transport [41].…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM 2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM 2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.

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Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung

Cited by 198 publications

References 26 publications

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Distribution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liao River drainage basin, northeast China

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

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