Characterization Methods for Shape-Memory Polymers

Wagermaier, Wolfgang; Kratz, Karl; Heuchel, Matthias; Lendlein, Andreas

doi:10.1007/12_2009_25

Cited by 120 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…T r is usually higher than T trans and is often chosen to be the same as the T d . Cyclic thermo-mechanical test is a widely used quantitative analysis of shape memory performance using a mechanical testing instrument equipped with a temperature control unit Lendlein & Kelch, 2002;Wagermaier, 2010). The test can be carried out in either stress-controlled or strain-controlled mode.…”

Section: Fundamental Principles Of Smps and Common Characterization Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter is mostly reported by studies that video-record real-time shape changes Cyclic thermo-mechanical testing data are most commonly presented in a three-dimensional (3-D) plot with temperature, stress and strain as X, Y, and Z axis (Figure 2), respectively. Wagermaier, 2010) Alternatively, the data can be presented in a two-dimension (2-D) graph with multiple Y axes representing stress, strain and temperature plotting against time on the X axis (Fig.3 ). (Lendlein, 2001;Xie, 2010).…”

Section: Fundamental Principles Of Smps and Common Characterization Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The publication of a series of landmark papers by Lendlein et al since 2002(Lendlein, 2001Lendlein & Kelch, 2002;Lendlein & Langer, 2002), exploring the potential application of SMPs in modern medicine ushered in a second surge in SMP research, with >100 SMP-related patents and research articles published annually (Liu, 2007). Shape memory polymers as "smart" materials have been extensively reviewed in recent literature (Behl & Lendlein, 2007a;Lendlein & Kelch, 2002;Liu, 2007;Madbouly & Lendlein, 2010;Mather, 2009;Rousseau, 2008;Sokolowski, 2007;Wagermaier, 2010). This chapter briefly reviews the fundamental principles of thermal responsive SMPs and discusses the challenges of SMPs for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Xu¹,

Song²

2011

Biomedical Engineering - Frontiers and Challenges

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Section: Fundamental Principles Of Smps and Common Characterization Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Principles Of Smps and Common Characterization Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Xu¹,

Song²

2011

Biomedical Engineering - Frontiers and Challenges

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“…The goal of this work was to develop a simple analytical method for quantifying the number of chemical cross-links in aspartic acid-based polymer gels [10][11][12][13]. Polysuccinimide (PSI) gels are obtained by cross-linking PSI with diamines, and cross-linked PSI gels can be hydrolysed into poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A colourimetric method for the determination of the degree of chemical cross-linking in aspartic acid-based polymer gels

Hegyesi

Pukánszky

Szilágyi

2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-based assay is developed to determine the degree of chemical cross-linking in aspartic acid-based polymer gels. The conventional colourimetric method for the quantitative determination of amine groups is difficult to use in polymer networks; thus, an improved method is developed to analyse polymer gels swollen in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Reaction products of the derivatizing reaction are examined by NMR. The chemical stability of the reagent is increased in DMSO, and the method shows satisfactory linearity and accuracy. The degree of chemical cross-linking in the investigated gels is close to its theoretical maximum, but the conversion of the pendant amine groups to cross-linking points is strongly dependent on the feed composition of the gels.

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“…by deforming the material to an extension of ! m at T > T trans and cooling to T < T trans while keeping the deformation, which then is fixed temporarily by solidification of the related set of switching domains [26]. The recovery of the original shape is named shape-memory effect (SME), which is typically induced by increasing the environmental temperature (T env ) [3,5,27,28] Abstract.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-memory properties of magnetically active triple-shape nanocomposites based on a grafted polymer network with two crystallizable switching segments

Kumar¹,

Kratz²,

Behl³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Shape-memory polymers (SMP) and composites thereof belong to the class of actively moving polymers, which have the capability of storing one (dualshape) [1][2][3][4][5][6], two (triple-shape) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] or multiple (multiple-shape) [14] stable temporary shapes and recover their original or other temporary shapes when exposed to an external stimulus. The field of SMP research has developed rapidly over the last years [6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and it has become apparent that these functional polymers are motivating novel applications. Thermo-sensitive SMP contain physical or chemical network-points, which determine their original shape, while each temporary shape is fixed by switching domains associated to a thermal transition temperature T trans , that can be a glass transition (T g ) or a melting transition (T m ) [16,17]. The process for programming of a temporary shape is called 'shapememory creation procedure' (SMCP) and can be realized e.g. by deforming the material to an extension of ! m at T > T trans and cooling to T < T trans while keeping the deformation, which then is fixed temporarily by solidification of the related set of switching domains [26]. The recovery of the original shape is named shape-memory effect (SME), which is typically induced by increasing the environmental temperature (T env ) [3,5,27,28] Abstract. Thermo-sensitive shape-memory polymers (SMP), which are capable of memorizing two or more different shapes, have generated significant research and technological interest. A triple-shape effect (TSE) of SMP can be activated e.g. by increasing the environmental temperature (T env ), whereby two switching temperatures (T sw ) have to be exceeded to enable the subsequent shape changes from shape (A) to shape (B) and finally the original shape (C). In this work, we explored the thermally and magnetically initiated shape-memory properties of triple-shape nanocomposites with various compositions and particle contents using different shape-memory creation procedures (SMCP). The nanocomposites were prepared by the incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into a multiphase polymer network matrix with grafted polymer network architecture containing crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains and poly(!-caprolactone) (PCL) crosslinks named CLEGC. Excellent triple-shape properties were achieved for nanocomposites with high PEG weight fraction when two-step programming procedures were applied. In contrast, single-step programming resulted in dual-shape properties for all investigated materials as here the temporary shape (A) was predominantly fixed by PCL crystallites.

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Characterization Methods for Shape-Memory Polymers

Cited by 120 publications

References 82 publications

Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

A colourimetric method for the determination of the degree of chemical cross-linking in aspartic acid-based polymer gels

Shape-memory properties of magnetically active triple-shape nanocomposites based on a grafted polymer network with two crystallizable switching segments

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