Characterization of 3D-printed dielectric substrates with different infill for microwave applications

Massoni, Enrico; Silvestri, Lorenzo; Bozzi, Maurizio; Perregrini, Luca; Alaimo, Gianluca; Marconi, Stefania; Auricchio, Ferdinando

doi:10.1109/imws-amp.2016.7588330

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…NinjaFlex has excellent adhesion to the substrate with a dielectric permittivity around 3.5 at 100% infill percentage as suggested in Ref. 40. Dielectric constant is a numerical value used to define dielectric permittivity of an insulator material.…”

Section: D Printing Of Ninjaflex Filament Onto Pedot:pss-coatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of NinjaFlex Filament onto PEDOT:PSS-Coated Textile Fabrics for Electroluminescence Applications

Tadesse

Dumitrescu

Loghin

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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Electroluminescence (EL) is the property of a semiconductor material pertaining to emitting light in response to an electrical current or a strong electric field. The purpose of this paper is to develop a flexible and lightweight EL device. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to observe the thermal degradation behavior of NinjaFlex. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-PEDOT:PSS-with ethylene glycol (EG) was coated onto polyester fabric where NinjaFlex was placed onto the coated fabric using three-dimensional (3D) printing and phosphor paste, and BendLay filaments were subsequently coated via 3D printing. Adhesion strength and flexibility of the 3D-printed NinjaFlex on textile fabrics were investigated. The TGA results of the NinjaFlex depict no weight loss up to 150°C and that the NinjaFlex was highly conductive with a surface resistance value of 8.5 ohms/sq.; the coated fabric exhibited a uniform surface appearance as measured and observed by using four-probe measurements and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, at 60% PEDOT:PSS. The results of the adhesion test showed that peel strengths of 4160 N/m and 3840 N/m were recorded for polyester and cotton specimens, respectively. No weight loss was recorded following three washing cycles of NinjaFlex. The bending lengths were increased by only a factor of 0.082 and 0.577 for polyester and cotton samples at 0.1-mm thickness, respectively; this remains sufficiently flexible to be integrated into textiles. The prototype device emitted light with a 12-V alternating current power supply.

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Section: D Printing Of Ninjaflex Filament Onto Pedot:pss-coatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 NinjaFlex, which is the focus of this paper, has been used in the production of antennas [37][38][39] and in microwave applications. 40 In this study, NinjaFlex was selected to fabricate the EL device due to its high flexibility and good dielectric properties, as discussed in Ref. 41.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of NinjaFlex Filament onto PEDOT:PSS-Coated Textile Fabrics for Electroluminescence Applications

Tadesse

Dumitrescu

Loghin

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…13,14 It offers not only the realization of relatively complex geometries but also an ease of repeatability, rapid prototyping and enables control over the infill density. 15,16 PMMA is used as a printing material due to its optimal printing temperature (235 C to 255 C). In this case, the nozzle temperature is kept at 243 C, in order to keep the material flow consistent, since the flow inconsistencies can produce bubbling that translates into uneven surface printing.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Lens Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed dielectric lens for the gain enhancement of a broadband antenna

Anwar

Abufanas

Bangert

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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A novel 3D printed dielectric lens to enhance antenna gain parameters is presented. The lens is fabricated using a fused deposition method (FDM) which is a cost‐effective and an efficient 3D printing technique. Poly‐methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a dielectric material due to its good RF properties. The thickness of the dielectric lens is 14 mm and provides a gain enhancement of up to 6.9 dBi over a wide frequency range. The dielectric lens is designed and computationally analyzed to demonstrate refractive index value close to zero. It has been shown that impedance‐matched near‐zero refractive index lens geometry eliminates strong reflections, and consequently enhances the antenna gain. A correlation is established between the individually, stacked unit cell layers and near‐zero refractive index cut‐off frequencies. The claim is substantiated through measured results using a broadband Vivaldi antenna. A gain enhancement of up to 6.9 dBi is recorded for the bandwidth from 13.5 to 24 GHz. An excellent correlation is reported between the measured and simulated results.

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“…A fundamental parameter that controls the density of a 3-D printed material, and hence its electrical properties, is the infill percentage [18]. Apart from the density of the printed object, the infill percentage also affects the mechanical integrity of a printed sample, which may be critical for some applications involving a high level of stress.…”

Section: Effective Permittivity and Superstrate Prototypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Ultrawideband High-Gain Compact Resonant Cavity Antenna

Hayat

Afzal

Ahmed

et al. 2020

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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A 3-D printed planar permittivity-gradient superstrate (PGS) is used to improve the directive radiation characteristics of a waveguide-fed compact resonant cavity antenna (CRCA). Far-field directivity of classical uniform superstrate-based RCAs is limited due to nonuniform aperture phase distribution caused by even transmission through the superstrate. Transverse PGS has been used here to remarkably improve aperture phase distribution and hence directive radiation performance of RCAs. Furthermore, the PGS was rapidly prototyped in one hour and 43 min using a low-cost acrylo-butadiene styrene (ABS) filament without using traditional multistep milling and machining. Single step fabrication was performed and effective dielectric constant of the ABS was varied through controlled infill percentage in different regions of the PGS. Measurements of a prototype indicate unrivaled results, from a smaller footprint, which includes peak directivity of 16.048 dB, 3 dB directivity bandwidth of 49.65% and sidelobe levels lower than −10.4 dB throughout the operating frequency band. The 3-D printed PGS thus outperforms all previously reported superstrates, for RCAs, by demonstrating similar radiation performance with an equivalent material cost of only 0.41 USD.

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Characterization of 3D-printed dielectric substrates with different infill for microwave applications

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

3D Printing of NinjaFlex Filament onto PEDOT:PSS-Coated Textile Fabrics for Electroluminescence Applications

3D Printing of NinjaFlex Filament onto PEDOT:PSS-Coated Textile Fabrics for Electroluminescence Applications

3D printed dielectric lens for the gain enhancement of a broadband antenna

Low-Cost Ultrawideband High-Gain Compact Resonant Cavity Antenna

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