Characterization of 3D woven reinforcements for liquid composite molding processes

Alhussein, Hussam; Umer, Rehan; Rao, S.; Swery, Elinor; Bickerton, Simon; Cantwell, W.J.

doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9640-6

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…where K K 0 is calculated by using r r 0 versus t, and K K 90 is calculated by using r r 90 versus t data. As previously done in literature, [59][60][61][62] an exponential function was fitted to the experimental K versus v f data (see Table 5)…”

Section: Permeability Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Caglar

Hancioglu

Sozer

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The main hurdles in Vacuum Infusion (VI) are the difficulty in achieving complete mold filling and uniform part thickness. This study integrates process monitoring by full field thickness measurements and resin flow modeling that accounts for compaction and permeability characterizations of fabric reinforcements to assess the evolution of part thickness during filling and post-filling stages of VI process. A Structured Light Scanning system is used for full field thickness monitoring in experiments and a Control Volume Finite Element Method solver is implemented to couple resin flow with fabric’s compaction and permeability. Two cases are studied both experimentally and numerically. Evolutions of thickness and pressure validate the developed flow solver, its accuracy in terms of predicting fill times and fill patterns, suitability and limitations of the elastic compaction models for thickness modeling.

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Section: Permeability Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Caglar

Hancioglu

Sozer

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…With increased preform thickness, the influence of through-thickness permeability on LCM processing of composites becomes increasingly significant [15][16][17]. When resin injection is facilitated in transverse direction, by using a distribution medium, such as in the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), K 33 becomes the dominant parameter.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Aziz

Ali

Zeng

et al. 2017

Composites Science and Technology

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This work presents a correlation between the transverse permeability of a preform and the process variability of the automated dry fiber placement manufacturing technique. In this study, an experimental and numerical analysis of the dry tape preform, with a focus on its through-thickness permeability, has been undertaken. Geometric models, containing flow channels of two different width dry tape carbon preforms, have been created in the TexGen modeller. A Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been undertaken to obtain the predicted through-thickness-permeability of the dry tape preform. A parametric study on the effect of different dry tape gap sizes on the permeability of the preform is presented. An in-situ compaction study, carried out in an X-CT machine, revealed that the gap sizes were irregular throughout the manufactured preforms. In addition, an experimental investigation of the through-thickness permeability, which is based on a saturated flow condition at a thickness corresponding to full vacuum pressure, is also presented. The permeability prediction based on the X-CT re-constructed geometric model has been validated using the experimental data. A further parametric study has revealed that the process variablity in automated dry fibre placement influences the through-thickness permeability by a factor of upto 5.

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“…In order to obtain fabric permeability values, purpose-built in-plane and through thickness permeability rigs were used. 20 The in-plane permeability measurements were based on unsaturated radial flow on a clear glass mold installed on a universal testing machine. A test fluid (hydraulic oil) was injected from a top plate with center injection hole in a 200 mm diameter sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 The flow direction was from the bottom inlet to the top flow outlet, passing through the sample held between the plates with holes. All permeability measurements were taken at three different thicknesses corresponding to three fiber volume fractions (values of 0.50, 0.55, 0.60; see literature 20,21 for further details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling effects in the manufacture and testing of grid-stiffened composite structures

Alantali

Alia

Umer

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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Scaling effects in the manufacture and testing of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy grid-stiffened structures have been investigated in this study. Four nominally identical scaled sizes of mold have been manufactured, in which the length, width, height, and internal channel sizes were varied to achieve ¼, ½, ¾ and full-scale stiffened structures. The panels were manufactured on a glass mold using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique, enabling the flow front to be monitored throughout the filling process. Grid-stiffened beams were removed from the cured panels and tested in flexure on scaled bending fixtures. The vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding manufacturing study on the four scaled sizes indicated that resin infusion incurred more rapidly in the smallest mold, possibly due to difficulties in accurately cutting the glass fabric, which in turn reduced the effective areal density of the fabric, thereby modifying its effective permeability. The flow rates and velocities of the resin fronts in the larger mold sizes were similar, suggesting that an appropriately scaled mold can be used to successfully predict the infusion process in more representative structures. Flexural tests on the grid-stiffened samples highlighted a similar response in the three largest samples, with the smallest sample again offering a modified response. Similar failure mechanisms, including fracture of the grid structure, debonding at the skin-core interface, and flexural failure in the center of the sample, were observed in all of the samples.

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Characterization of 3D woven reinforcements for liquid composite molding processes

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Monitoring and modeling of part thickness evolution in vacuum infusion process

Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement

Scaling effects in the manufacture and testing of grid-stiffened composite structures

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