Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases with progressive neurological dysfunction. To characterize the chronological behavioral profiles and identify the onset of functional deficits in a MPS I mouse model (IDUA −/− ), we evaluated anxiety, locomotor behavior, startle, spatial learning and memory with mice at 2-, 4-, 6-and 8-months of age. In automated open-field test, IDUA −/− mice showed hypoactivity as early as 2-months of age and altered anxiety starting from 6-months of age during the initial exploratory phase, even through normal habituation was observed at all ages. In the marble-burying task, the anxiety-like compulsive behavior was normal in IDUA −/− mice at almost all tested ages, but significantly reduced in 8-month old male IDUA −/− mice which coincided with the rapid death of IDUA −/− males starting from 7-months of age. In the Morris water maze, IDUA −/− mice exhibited impaired proficient learning only at 4-months of age during the acquisition phase. Spatial memory deficits were observed in IDUA −/− mice during both 1-and 7-days probe trials at 4-and 8-months of age. The IDUA −/− mice performed normally in a novel object recognition task at younger ages until 8 month old when reduced visual cognitive memory retention was noted in the IDUA −/− mice. In addition, 8-month old IDUA −/− mice failed to habituate to repeated open-field exposure, suggesting deficits in nonaversive and non-associative memory. In acoustic startle assessment, significantly more non-responders were found in IDUA −/− , but normal performance was seen in those that did show a response. These results presented a temporal evaluation of phenotypic behavioral dysfunctions in IDUA −/− mice from adolescent to maturity, indicating the impairments, with different age of onset, in locomotor and anxiety-like compulsive behaviors, spatial learning and memory, visual recognition, and short-term non-associative memory retention. This study would also provide guidelines for the experimental designs of behavioral evaluation on innovative therapies for the treatment of MPS type I.