“…CA may occur secondary to neuromuscular, metabolic, and vascular conditions, alterations to connective tissue, intrinsic pregnancy causes that result in intrauterine growth restriction, maternal diseases, and drug exposure during pregnancy (Jones, Annandale, Al-Koteesh, Polkey, & Lewis, 2008;Kalampokas, Kalampokas, Sofoudis, Deligeoroglou, & Botsis, 2012;Kowalczyk & Felu s, 2016;Valdés-Flores, Casas-Avila, Hernández-Zamora, Kofman, & Hidalgo-Bravo, 2016).…”