Characterization of a novel alternatively-spliced 5′ exon in the human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene, expressed in liver and some cancers

Wallis, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2019.06.002

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Pituitary transcriptomes for various mammals, birds, amphibia and fish were accessed through the NCBI SRA database, and used to assess transcription levels of POU1F1 , and details of splicing patterns. Expression profiles were established as described previously [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the enhancer-rich regulatory region of the gene for the cell-type specific transcription factor POU1F1

Wallis,

Xu,

Krawczyk

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the enhancer-rich regulatory region of the gene for the cell-type specific transcription factor POU1F1

Wallis,

Xu,

Krawczyk

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…It was recently reported that an additional exon is present in the humans (mainly in the liver), located upstream from exon 1. This fragment can be spliced directly into exon 3, or, less often, into exon 1 [ 54 ].…”

Section: Igf1 Gene Structure and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, as result of alternate promoter usage and differential splicing of IGF1 , at least six variants (isoforms) of mature mRNAs, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC are generated in humans. All transcripts contain exons 3 and 4, encoding the mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein, while exons 5 and 6, which are alternatively spliced, code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5) and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6) [ 4 , 21 , 23 , 54 , 78 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Igf1 Gene Structure and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IGF1Eb is a unique isoform, which is less conserved among primate species, and the equivalent of human IGF1Eb domain is absent in rodents [ 54 , 103 ]. The majority of IGF1Eb isoform expression and a switch between isoforms IGF1Eb (higher copy number) and IGF1Ea (lower copy number) was reported in HCC cells [ 31 ], and human osteosarcoma cells [ 31 , 106 ].…”

Section: Aberrant Igf1 Isoform Expression (Mrnas Proteins) and Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1IMX [ 79 ] ( C ). The human IGF1 gene is composed of 6 major exons and a newly discovered exon 0, upstream of exon 1 [ 54 ]. Splicing and exons in the human IGF1 gene generate distinct transcripts that vary in the 5′ and 3′ ends though the mature IGF1 protein is invariant.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors

Kasprzak

Szaflarski

2020

IJMS

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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.

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Post-natal muscle growth and protein turnover: a narrative review of current understanding

Millward

2023

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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A model explaining the dietary-protein driven post-natal skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in the rat is updated, and the mechanisms involved described in this narrative review. Dietary protein controls both length and muscle growth which are interrelated through mechanotransduction mechanisms with muscle growth induced by both stretching subsequent to bone length growth and from internal work against gravity. This induces satellite cell activation, myogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, establishing a growth capacity for myofibre length and cross-sectional area. Protein deposition within this capacity is enabled by adequate dietary protein and other key nutrients. After briefly reviewing the experimental animal origins of the growth model, key concepts and processes important for growth are reviewed. These include the growth in number and size of the myonuclear domain, satellite cell activity during post-natal development and the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-1. Regulatory and signalling pathways reviewed include developmental mechanotransduction; signalling through the insulin/IGF-1-PI3K-Akt and the Ras-MAPK pathways in the myofibre and during mechanotransduction of satellite cells. Likely pathways activated by maximal-intensity muscle contractions are highlighted and the regulation of the capacity for protein synthesis in terms of ribosome assembly and the translational regulation of 5-TOPmRNA classes by mTORC1 and LARP1 are discussed. Evidence for and potential mechanisms by which volume limitation of muscle growth can occur which would limit protein deposition within the myofibre is reviewed. An understanding of how muscle growth is achieved allows better nutritional management of its growth in health and disease.

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Characterization of a novel alternatively-spliced 5′ exon in the human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene, expressed in liver and some cancers

Abstract: Article (Accepted Version) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Wallis, Michael (2019) Characterization of a novel alternatively-spliced 5' exon in the human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene, expressed in liver and some cancers. Growth Hormone and IGF Research, 46-47. pp. 36-43.

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Evolution of the enhancer-rich regulatory region of the gene for the cell-type specific transcription factor POU1F1

Evolution of the enhancer-rich regulatory region of the gene for the cell-type specific transcription factor POU1F1

Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors

Post-natal muscle growth and protein turnover: a narrative review of current understanding

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