Characterization of a Novel Ionic Liquid Monopropellant for Multi-Mode Propulsion

Advancement of Liquid Immersion Cooling for Data Centers

“…Two phase liquid cooling systems, especially boiling cooling, have become a research hotspot due to their high thermal conductivity. Kanbur et al (2020) conducted experimental performance and thermal economic analysis on two-phase boiling cooling systems [10], emphasizing the role of surface modification technology in improving boiling heat transfer coefficient. These findings are further supported by Kang et al (2020) [11], who proposed the idea of optimizing heat transfer through surface modification in their two-phase immersion cooling study.…”

Multiplexed Electrospray Emission of Green Energetic Ionic Liquids from Wedge-Shaped Porous Emitters

“…13,14 This new propulsion solution utilizes the shared propellant and combines the advantages of both chemical and electrospray modes. 15,16 However, one of the major challenges in practical applications is the identification of dual-mode propellants with a high enthalpy of combustion and ionization capacity. In this regard, the energetic ILs (EILs) might be the most potential candidates.…”

“…Even if the electrospray thrusters using [EMIM-BF 4 ] could provide a long duration time and large specific impulse for microsatellites, − the drawback of low thrust level (usually below 100 μN) still limits this kind of thruster to be used in more scenarios . To improve the flexibility of satellite missions, the concept of dual-mode propulsion using energetic fuels was proposed. , This new propulsion solution utilizes the shared propellant and combines the advantages of both chemical and electrospray modes. , However, one of the major challenges in practical applications is the identification of dual-mode propellants with a high enthalpy of combustion and ionization capacity. In this regard, the energetic ILs (EILs) might be the most potential candidates. − In 2010, the hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based EIL named AF-M315E was successfully synthesized and validated in the flight mission in 2019 .…”

“…Although the HAN-Based EILs have exhibited excellent catalytic ignition capability, the compatibility with electrospray remains uncertain. In this respect, imidazole-based EILs have been demonstrated to possess a stable electrospray capability. , Based on these facts, a hybrid dual-mode propellant, comprising imidazole-based EIL and HAN, was designed by Rovey et al The proposed formulation contains 59% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl-sulfate ([EMIM-EtSO 4 ]) and 41% of HAN, as a percentage of the total mass. In a recent development, Wang et al further developed a blended EIL, and Li et al demonstrated its commendable catalytic combustion performance …”

Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives

“…To solve this problem, the use of ionic liquids [14][15][16] has been investigated as a method of liquefaction without solvents. Some ionic liquids, including HEMs, have also been reported in literature [17][18].…”