Characterization of a novicida-like subspecies of Francisella tularensis isolated in Australia

Whipp, Margaret; Davis, Jennifer; Lum, Gary; Boer, Jim de; Zhou, Yan; Bearden, Scott W.; Petersen, Jeannine M.; Chu, May C.; Hogg, Geoff

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05245-0

Cited by 134 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…novicida emerged in the Southern Hemisphere with the first report of human infection [69]. A 53-year old man presented with a swollen toe and swollen inguinal lymph nodes as a result of a cut received in brackish waters in the Northern Territory of Australia.…”

Section: Australia (2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For identifying true emergence of F. tularensis, in areas where it has not previously been reported, 16S rDNA sequencing is a particularly useful diagnostic test. 16S rDNA sequencing played an important role in the first identification of F. tularensis in the Southern Hemisphere and also in the tularemia outbreak associated with crayfish in Spain [4,69]. For identification of recovered bacterial isolates, the universal 16S rDNA primers as well as the Francisella specific 16S rDNA primers, provide good sequence data [28].…”

Section: S Rdna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tularensis has been classified into four distinct subspecies, tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida [60]. The global distribution of disease caused by each subspecies is shown in Figure 1; [18,41,60,69]. These two subspecies are infrequently associated with human disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

2005

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-Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, populations, and settings. This review will serve to highlight mechanisms contributing to the recent emergence of tularemia as well as a repertoire of diagnostic tools useful for detecting and diagnosing disease. tularemia / zoonosis / factors of emergence / Francisella tularensis

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Section: Australia (2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Rdna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

2005

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“…Because of the unreliable results of phenotypic identifi cation methods, unfamiliarity of the bacterium and close genetic relatedness among Francisella spp., the organism can be misidentifi ed, thus leading to inappropriate management. A clinical diagnosis of Francisella infection is highly nonspecifi c, and it seems that the underlying disease with immunosuppression was an important factor to contracting the disease in the described case and previous case reports (3)(4)(5). Human F. novicida infection has not previously been described from Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The reservoir and transmission route of F. novicida were not clearly defi ned. Since the fi rst isolation of F. novicida, to our knowledge, only 5 patients with suspected infection have been reported (3)(4)(5). F. novicida, however, has neither been isolated nor associated with human disease in Thailand.…”

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Emergence ofFrancisella novicidaBacteremia, Thailand

Leelaporn¹,

Yongyod²,

Limsrivanichakorn³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We report isolation of Francisella novicida-causing bacteremia in a woman from Thailand who was receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. The organism was isolated from blood cultures and identifi ed by 16S rDNA and PPIase gene analyses. Diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to unawareness of the disease in this region.F rancisella novicida, a rare human pathogen, has recently been considered to be a subspecies of F. tularensis on the basis of DNA similarity (1,2). The reservoir and transmission route of F. novicida were not clearly defi ned. Since the fi rst isolation of F. novicida, to our knowledge, only 5 patients with suspected infection have been reported (3-5). F. novicida, however, has neither been isolated nor associated with human disease in Thailand. We report a case of F. novicida infection in a Thai patient who was undergoing chemotherapy. The StudyIn October 2007, a 37-year-old woman from Thailand sought treatment at Siriraj Hospital (a 2,400-bed university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand) with a history of fever for 1 week. She was a hairdresser residing in a suburban area of Prachuap Khiri Khan, a southern province of Thailand. She denied history of blood transfusion, animal contact, and travel abroad. She had not been aware of being bitten by insects recently. There was no incidence of unusual animal death in the area in which she resided. Five months before seeking treatment, she received a diagnosis of advanced stage clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary with metastasis to peritoneum, spleen, uterus, and multiple abdominal lymph nodes. Chemotherapy was planned. Initial laboratory screening showed increased liver enzyme levels and abnormal hepatitis markers confi rming chronic active hepatitis B virus infection. Chemotherapy was delayed while she was treated with lamivudine. A follow-up visit in early September showed that her liver function biochemistry results had returned to within normal limits. Chemotherapy with carboplastin and paclitaxel was then initiated.At the time of admission, 25 days after the start of chemotherapy, the patient had fever (39 o C), blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, and pulse rate 75 beats/min. She also had an episode of gastrointestinal hemorrhage with melena. It was believed that fever and gastrointestinal bleeding were complications from chemotherapy; thus, microbiologic investigation was not promptly initiated. Abnormal laboratory fi ndings included anemia (hemoglobin 80 g/L) and leukocytosis with marked neutrophilia (Figure). Urine and stool cultures showed insignifi cant growth.Two samples of blood cultures from peripheral lines were obtained using BacT/Alert FA bottles (bioMérieux, Durham, NC, USA) on day 10 of hospital admission and incubated in the continuous monitoring BacT/Alert 3D system (bioMérieux). Both blood culture bottles grew small pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus after incubation for 2 days. Samples from positive bottles were subcultured onto 5% (vol/vol) sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar. A slow-growing bacterium was recove...

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Tularaemia

2022

Textbook of Zoonoses

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Characterization of a novicida-like subspecies of Francisella tularensis isolated in Australia

Cited by 134 publications

References 14 publications

Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

Emergence ofFrancisella novicidaBacteremia, Thailand

Tularaemia

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