Characterization of a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle for its application in an Active Ankle-Foot Orthosis

Electrochemically Powered, Energy‐Conserving Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles

“…[1,2] A variety of fiber and yarn artificial muscles have been investigated, such as conducting polymer fibers, [3] shape memory alloy wires, [4,5] carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns, [6][7][8] graphene fibers, [9] and twisted and coiled polymer yarns and fibers. [1,2] A variety of fiber and yarn artificial muscles have been investigated, such as conducting polymer fibers, [3] shape memory alloy wires, [4,5] carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns, [6][7][8] graphene fibers, [9] and twisted and coiled polymer yarns and fibers.…”

“…As previously reported for liquid-electrolyte-based twisted CNT yarn muscles, [8] this migration of solvated ions into the highly porous yarn causes the yarn's volume to increase, thereby potentially providing both tensile and torsional actuation. [1,2] A variety of fiber and yarn artificial muscles have been investigated, such as conducting polymer fibers, [3] shape memory alloy wires, [4,5] carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns, [6][7][8] graphene fibers, [9] and twisted and coiled polymer yarns and fibers. [11] Movies S1 and S2 (Supporting Information) show actuation at low and high potential scan rates, respectively.…”

“…Artificial muscles that are shaped like natural muscles are needed for a host of applications, from robots and artificial limbs to exoskeletons . A variety of fiber and yarn artificial muscles have been investigated, such as conducting polymer fibers, shape memory alloy wires, carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns, graphene fibers, and twisted and coiled polymer yarns and fibers .…”

A new global model to characterise the dynamics of a pneumatic proportional-pressure valve for a biomechatronic application

“…Besides the valve inlet and outlet pressures, the PAM longitudinal displacement and the force exerted by PAM were dynamically registered through their respective measurement elements. In addition, a series of weights in the range of 250-3000 N were downstream connected to PAM [15], which exerts a pulling force on it. In particular, in this work, a weight of 893 N, simulating the body mass of 91.3 kg of an adult subject wearing the AAFO was assessed.…”

“…Some of these properties are its high power-to-weight ratio that significantly reduces power consumption and its variable inherent compliance, which allows an optimal adaptation and interaction with the human operator [13,14]. In contrast, due to its non-linear dynamics [14][15][16], it is difficult to accurately control the PAM operation so as to achieve simultaneously, a smooth joint movement and a precise regulation of the force exerted by it as part of an AAFO for gait rehabilitation in iSCI patients.…”