Characterization of a poly(3-methyl thiophene) film by an in-situ dc resistance measurement technique and in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry

Lankinen, Eeva; Sundholm, G.; Talonen, P.; Laitinen, Timo; Saario, Timo

doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00012-6

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The latter is typical for measurements in gas phases [36,38]. The measurement with fixation of the electrode potential is performed in electrolytes [19,25,27,30,33,39]. The potential fixation can be performed directly or by using of potentiostats.…”

Section: Transducers For Artificial Receptors Based On Conducting Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Lange

Roznyatovskaya

Hao

et al. 2010

Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors

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Conducting polymers are commonly used materials in chemical and biological sensors. These materials possess receptor as well as transducer functions [1]. Typical examples of conducting polymers (CPs) include polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polyanilines, and polyphenylenes. Such polymers show some intrinsic receptor properties towards analytes that can react/interact with the polymer, like, for example, redox active or acidic/basic gases. Oxidation/reduction and in some cases protonation/ deprotonation introduces/removes charge carriers in the conjugated backbone, whereas conformational changes alter the planarity of the conjugated backbone, which leads to changes in the mobility of the charge carriers. Figure 12.1 demonstrates the example of PANI (polyaniline), showing the influence of redox potential and pH on the interconversion between the different forms of PANI.These changes can be detected by in situ resistance, UV-vis, IR, or fluorescence measurements. Direct interactions with the p-system often produce very large signal changes; however, they are quite non-specific. A possible way to introduce some selectivity in these polymers is to modify their conjugated backbone with receptors.Usually, receptors can be introduced into a polymer backbone either after polymerization or directly to monomer, which is polymerized or copolymerized. The synthetic availability and the ability to polymerize the monomer under certain conditions are the most common limitations in the choice of a derivative with receptor group. Some classes of these receptors are discussed in Section 12.4. Doping of CPs by counter ions bearing the required receptor [2-8], the inclusion of ionophores into the polymer matrix [9], and the chemical linkage of ligands or receptor units to the polymer backbone [10] are also applied to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of CPs. Receptors attached to the p-system via some short side chain can communicate with the p-system of the polymer by, for example, electron donating/withdrawing, electrostatic interactions or by inducing conformational changes upon analyte binding. As there is no direct interaction with the polymer backbone, the signal change may be smaller, but also much more specific. Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors. Edited

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Section: Transducers For Artificial Receptors Based On Conducting Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Lange

Roznyatovskaya

Hao

et al. 2010

Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors

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“…The FTIR spectroscopy peak of the doped-P3MT(0.67)/Ni nanotubes at about 1700 cm À1 could be assigned to the dangling bond or -OH group bonded to the thiophene rings after the Ni coating. [24,25] More details of the FTIR spectroscopy characteristic peaks of the doped-P3MT nanotubes and the HDLNTs of doped-P3MT/Ni are presented in the Supporting Information. Figure 6a compares the normalized UV-vis absorption spectra of the HDLNTs (curves with larger symbols) of P3MT/ Ni and the doped-P3MT nanotubes (thin curves) with different doping levels (from Fig.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Doped Polymer‐Metal Hybrid Nanotubes

Park

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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We report on the significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) of hybrid double‐layered nanotubes (HDLNTs) consisting of poly(3‐methylthiophene) (P3MT) nanotubes with various doping levels enveloped by an inorganic, nickel (Ni) metal nanotube. From laser confocal microscopy PL experiments on a single strand of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes and of their HDLNTs, the PL peak intensity of the HDLNT systems increased remarkably up to ∼350 times as the doping level of the P3MT nanotubes of the HDLNTs increased, which was confirmed by measurements of the quantum yield. In a comparison of the normalized ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes and their HDLNTs, new absorption peaks corresponding to surface‐plasmon (SP) energy were created at 563 and 615 nm after the nanoscale Ni metal coating onto the P3MT nanotubes, and their intensity increased on increasing the doping level of the P3MT nanotube. The doping‐induced bipolaron peaks of the HDLNTs of doped‐P3MT/Ni were relatively reduced, compared with those of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes before the Ni coating, due to the charge‐transfer effect in the SP‐resonance (SPR) coupling. Both energy‐transfer and charge‐transfer effects due to SP resonance contributed to the very‐large enhancement of the PL efficiency of the doped‐P3MT‐based HDLNTs.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Conductivity is a very important parameter in discussing the conduction mechanism. Conductivity can be measured by ex-situ 2 and in-situ 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] techniques. A common and attractive feature of conducting polymers is a drastic change of conductivity induced by chemical or electrochemical doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitation of ex-situ technique is the lack of information about the behavior of the conductivity as a function of the doping state. Therefore, in-situ two-probe method has been widely used, 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] where the resistance is measured by applying a small bias voltage between the two electrodes and measuring the current between them. Thus measured resistance includes not only the polymer resistance but also the contact resistance, which might make a big error in conductivity measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ Apparent Mobility of Charge Carriers in Polyaniline Films Measured with a New Four‐band Electrode

Jiang¹,

Wang²,

Sun³

et al. 2010

Chin. J. Chem.

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The in-situ apparent mobility in polyaniline films was accurately measured in a wide doping region using a new four-band electrode. It was found the apparent mobility in polyaniline films rises with increasing the doping level or carrier density. The influence of film thickness on the conductivity and apparent mobility of charge carriers was also investigated. The relative higher conductivity observed in a thinner film under low and intermediate doping potentials is assigned to the higher inter-chain mobility related to the more ordered structure of the film. The mobility variations provide experimental evidence to confirm the inter-chain path for hopping transport of polarons and the intra-chain path for evolution of metallic conduction.

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Characterization of a poly(3-methyl thiophene) film by an in-situ dc resistance measurement technique and in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Doped Polymer‐Metal Hybrid Nanotubes

In‐situ Apparent Mobility of Charge Carriers in Polyaniline Films Measured with a New Four‐band Electrode

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