Characterization of a sodium-dependent taurine transporter in rabbit choroid plexus

Chung, Suk-Jae; Ramanathan, Vikram; Giacomini, Kathleen M.; Brett, Claire M.

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(94)90326-3

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Taurine and formycin B uptake into ATP-depleted CP was also examined in the presence of an inwardly directed Na ϩ gradient (Wu et al, 1993;Chung et al, 1994). The temporal profiles of taurine and formycin B uptake into the CP were found to be linear up to 20 and 5 min, respectively (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To determine whether the induction of inflammation in the CSF affects elimination from the CSF in case of other carrier-mediated transports, CSF elimination in the presence and absence of experimental inflammation was examined using two model substrates, taurine, and formycin B. A previous study indicated that taurine was eliminated by a Na ϩ -dependent ␤-amino acid transporter from the CSF via the CP (Chung et al, 1994(Chung et al, , 1996. When 5 ng of taurine was injected intraventricularly, the elimination clearance for taurine from the CSF was found to be 50.5 Ϯ 13.7 l/min (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of BPC in the brain tissues was expressed as the volume of distribution (Vd brain tissue , viz., tissue to CSF concentration ratio) using the following equation. (Chung et al, 1994), rats were decapitated, and the CP isolated from the lateral ventricle. The isolated CP was preincubated at 37°C for 20 min in media containing 250 M 2,4-dinitrophenol (for ATP depletion), 25 mM HEPES, 40 mM mannitol, and 120 mM KCl (pH 7.4 with Tris).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vd brain tissue ϭ dpm ͓ 3 H͔BPC in brain tissue/g of brain dpm ͓ 3 H͔BPC in CSF/ml of CSF Ϫ dpm ͓ 14 C͔inulin in brain tissue/g of brain dpm ͓ 14 C͔inulin in CSF/ml of CSF Uptake of Drugs into Isolated CP. To examine drug transport into the isolated CP in vitro (Chung et al, 1994), rats were decapitated, and the CP isolated from the lateral ventricle. The isolated CP was preincubated at 37°C for 20 min in media containing 250 M 2,4-dinitrophenol (for ATP depletion), 25 mM HEPES, 40 mM mannitol, and 120 mM KCl (pH 7.4 with Tris).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of the Reduced Elimination Clearance of Benzylpenicillin from Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats with Intracisternal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide

Han

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2002

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:The mechanism responsible for the reduced clearance of benzylpenicillin (BPC) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated in rats that received an intracisternal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BPC was intraventricularly injected and its elimination from the CSF studied. During the inflammation created by the LPS administration to the cisterna magna, the clearance of BPC and taurine from the CSF was significantly reduced but reverted to the control level when N-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, was intracisternally administered. The in vitro uptake of BPC and taurine was significantly reduced in the choroid plexus (CP, the blood-CSF barrier) of rats with experimental inflammation and in control CP that had been pretreated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor). Interestingly, the clearance and CP uptake of formycin B, a substrate for a nucleoside transporter, were not affected by the experimental inflammation or by pretreatement with SNP. These observations suggest that the BPC transporter, and probably other transport systems as well, is functionally sensitive to NO in the blood-CSF barrier. Therefore, functional impairment of BPC transport in the CP by NO may be partly responsible for the increase in BPC concentration in the CSF during inflammation such as that caused by meningitis.Meningitis, a potentially fatal disease, is characterized by the inflammation of the meninges that cover the brain and the spinal cords. Secondary to the inflammation, alterations in the function of the barriers between the blood/brain (Wispelwey et al., 1988;Roord et al., 1994;Jaworowicz et al., 1998;Xaio et al., 2001) and blood/CSF 1 (Spector and Lorenzo, 1974) have been reported, as evidenced by an increased permeability of normally nonpermeable compounds such as sucrose. In addition to damage to the diffusional barriers, the functional activities of carrier-mediated transports, including penicillins (Lithander, 1965;Spector and Lorenzo, 1974) and glucose (Cooper et al., 1968;Prockop and Fishman, 1968) across the blood-CSF barrier, are reduced with the induction of experimental meningitis. Among these examples, inflammation-dependent change in pharmacokinetics has been studied most extensively for the case of penicillins in the CSF. For example, the intracisternal inoculation of Hemophilus influenzae, has been reported to be associated with a significantly elevated level of ampicillin and BPC in the CSF (Lithander and Lithander, 1966;Spector and Lorenzo, 1974). In addition, a reduction in the transport of BPC was noted in CP (i.e., the blood-CSF barrier) obtained from inflamed rabbits (Spector and Lorenzo, 1974). In general, drug levels in the CSF are partly governed by the kinetics of efflux across the blood-CSF barrier. Therefore, these observations suggest that the transport of BPC from the CSF to the systemic circulation is reduced as the result of the inflammation and that the reduction in the transport is related to the elevation in BPC levels in the CSF of inoculat...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanism of the Reduced Elimination Clearance of Benzylpenicillin from Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats with Intracisternal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide

Han

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2002

Drug Metab Dispos

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The data were transformed with a logarithm and linearly regressed to obtain a and n. This equation has been used previously in stoichiometry studies (12 14 C]mannitol (56 mCi/mmol) were purchased from either Amersham Life Science, Arlington Heights, IL or Moravek Biochemicals, Inc., Brea, CA. Hypoxanthine, adenine, adenosine, dideoxyadenosine (ddA), guanine, xanthine, caffeine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, thymidine, and proline were purchased from either Sigma or Aldrich.…”

Section: N-ethylmaleimide (Nem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Nucleobase Transport in Rabbit Choroid Plexus

Washington

Giacomini

1995

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The overall goal of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which nucleobases are transported in the choroid plexus. Choroid plexus tissue slices were obtained from the lateral ventricles of rabbit brains and depleted of ATP with 2,4-dinitrophenol. In the presence of an initial inwardly directed Na ؉ gradient, hypoxanthine accumulated in the tissue slices against a concentration gradient. Na ؉ -stimulated hypoxanthine uptake was saturable with a K m of 31.1 ؎ 9.71 M and a V max of 2.69 ؎ 0.941 nmol/g/s (mean ؎ S.E.). Na ؉ -stimulated hypoxanthine uptake was inhibited by (100) M naturally occurring purine and pyrimidine nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, hypoxanthine, thymine, uracil, and xanthine) as well as by the nucleoside analog, dideoxyadenosine. The stoichiometric coupling ratio between Na ؉ and hypoxanthine was 1.7:1. The data demonstrate the presence of a novel Na ؉ -dependent nucleobase transporter in the choroid plexus, which is distinct from the previously described Na ؉

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8 Taurine

Oja¹,

Saransaari²

2007

Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Characterization of a sodium-dependent taurine transporter in rabbit choroid plexus

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanism of the Reduced Elimination Clearance of Benzylpenicillin from Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats with Intracisternal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide

Mechanism of the Reduced Elimination Clearance of Benzylpenicillin from Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats with Intracisternal Administration of Lipopolysaccharide

Mechanisms of Nucleobase Transport in Rabbit Choroid Plexus

8 Taurine

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