Characterization of a TeflonÒcoated semiconductor detector flow cell for monitoring of pertechnetate in groundwater

Adsorptive removal of technetium‐99 using macroporous poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) modified with diethylene triamine

“…For the sake of comparison, we will mention some of these results. Cul et al 13 reported that the adsorption of TcO 4 À on Dowex-SRB-OH resin and Reillex resins took more than 6 weeks to reach equilibrium, while Hughes et al 12 found that 20-min time was sufficient to achieve more than 95% removal of the radioactivity from solution on Dowex 1 Â 8À400 (Cl À ). The results of studies of Liang et al 9 indicated that for the removal of TcO 4 À by Forager sponges, the reaction rate reached an equilibrium after 3 days, while for the removal of TcO 4 À by zero valence iron filings, the observed reaction halflife was $ 8 h, and the reaction rate reached its equilibrium after 24 h. On the other hand, Holm et al 8 reported that the in situ sorption of technetium using activated carbon reached equilibrium in about 5 h.…”

“…Various synthetic and natural materials have been investigated for their potential use for the removal of Tc from the environment. TcO 4 À can be strongly sorbed on activated carbon, 4,7,8 various synthetic resins and sponges, [9][10][11][12] elemental iron, 13 strongly magnetic iron sulfide material, 6 organic polymers, 14 chitin, and chitosan. 15 The acrylic-based resins are almost ideal for the removal of toxic pollutants like Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd 16,17 as well as Pb and Hg, 18,19 because they are very stable in a range of buffers from pH 1.0 to 11.0 and resistant to microbial degradation.…”

Creating monodisperse polymer microspheres using membrane emulsification

“…Flow‐cell detectors that utilize columns packed with extractive scintillating resins have emerged as an analytical tool for the ultra‐low‐level detection of α‐ and β‐emitting radionuclides in the environment . These extractive resins oftentimes comprise microspheres of polystyrene or poly(4‐methylstyrene) with organic fluors and extractants (ligands) that are selective for the target radionuclide(s).…”

Radionuclide Sensors for Environmental Monitoring: From Flow Injection Solid-Phase Absorptiometry to Equilibration-Based Preconcentrating Minicolumn Sensors with Radiometric Detection

“…Throughout the narrative, we will focus on sensors for 99 Tc as the prototypical examples for illustrating the detection principles. These are the most mature radionuclide sensors to date, and 99 Tc is an important radionuclide to detect in environmental monitoring.…”

“…Throughout the narrative, we will focus on sensors for 99 Tc as the prototypical examples for illustrating the detection principles. These are the most mature radionuclide sensors to date, and 99 Tc is an important radionuclide to detect in environmental monitoring. It is generated from the thermal fission of 235 U with a high production yield of 6% and is a significant radioactive contaminant at U.S. Department of Energy sites associated with nuclear weapons production.…”