Characterization of Acid-Soluble Collagen from Food Processing By-Products of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata)

Abstract

The isolation of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from by-products of snakehead fish (Channa striata), including skin and the mixture of skin and scale, has been investigated. The recovery yield of fish skin ASC (13.6%) was higher than ASC from fish skin and scale (12.09%). Both ASCs were identified as type I collagen and showed maximal solubility at pH 2. Collagen samples from the mixture of skin and scale had higher imino acid content (226 residues/1000 residues) and lower wavenumber in the amide I and amide III region (1642 and 1203 cm−1, respectively) than the fish skin ASC (the imino acid content was 220 residues/1000 residues and the wavenumber in the amide I and amide III were 1663 and 1206 cm−1, respectively. The difference scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed higher thermal stability in ASC from the mixture of skin and scale (Td of 35.78 °C) than fish skin ASC (34.21 °C). From the result, the denaturation temperature of ASC had a close relationship with the content of imino acid as well as with the degradation of α-helix in amide I and III. These results suggest that collagen could be obtained effectively from snakehead fish by-products and has potential as a realistic alternative to mammalian collagens.

Identification of ACE I-Inhibitory Peptides Released by the Hydrolysis of Tub Gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna) Skin Proteins and the Impact of Their In Silico Gastrointestinal Digestion

“…According to the literature, the general structure of the collagen monomer is Gly-X-Y, in which X and Y are often Pro and Hyp, respectively. The imino acid (Pro and Hyp) content in the raw material was similar to the imino acid content described in other fish skins; however, it was lower than the amount present in mammalian collagen [ 17 ]. In general, the different Pro and Hyp contents in collagen are mainly related to different living environments and habitat temperatures.…”

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Fish By-Product Collagen as Promising for Potential Wound Healing Agent in Pharmaceutical Applications: Current Trend and Future Perspective

“…This role of hydroxyproline, as well as its concentration, has an effect on the thermal stability of fish collagen [21]. Therefore, collagen produced by fish raised in warmer climates, such as tilapia, will contain more imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) than collagen produced by cold-water fish, such as cod [22,23]. Tuna had a proline and hydroxyproline content of 230 residues/1000 residues [24], and grass carp had a proline and hydroxyproline content of 161-181 residues/1000 residues [25].…”

“…In other work, the extracted collagen uses acid soluble collagen (ASC) from snakehead fish by-products, including skin and a mixture of skin and scale, yielding 13.6% and 12.09%, respectively [23]. Collagen extracted from the skin various species such as catfish, pomfret, and mackerel requires a slightly lower extraction temperature than 13.26 °C, with a longer extraction time (74 h), and produced 2.27% extraction yields [37].…”

Oral acute and subchronic (28-day) toxicity studies of snakehead fish (Channa striata)

“…Fish is one of the possible resources for medication and health supplements (Karsli, 2021). Snakehead (SF) is a freshwater fish that is famous in Asia and often used in the health sector (Virginia et al, 2016, Sahid et al, 2018 because of the protein content in the form of amino acids (Truong et al, 2021), (Pratama et al, 2020), and fatty acids (Sasongko et al, 2018). Farmed snakeheads have become economically important in developing countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam (Bich et al, 2020).…”

“…In silico studies stated that fatty acids such as myristic (C14:0), stearic (C18:0), caproidic (C6:0), caprylic (C8:0), pentadecylic (C15:0), and palmitoleic (C16:1 ) received a toxic hazard warning (Elharafi et al, 2021), wherein the free form of these metabolites initiate different harmful activities in cells, particularly on mitochondrial phosphorylation (Schönfeld & Reiser, 2021). Because of the protein content in the form of amino acids (Truong et al, 2021), (Pratama et al, 2020) and fatty acids (Sasongko et al, 2018), some amino acid compounds have been reported for dangerous toxic effects in certain doses. They are methionine, tryptophan, DL-aspartate, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cystine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, glycine, asparagine, arginine, L-aspartate, lysine, threonine, and glutamate (Samuels, 2020).…”