Characterization of acid sulfate soils and assessing their impact on a humic boreal lake

Toivonen, Janne; Österholm, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.04.003

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The procedure for tracing the origin of leached NO x − -N was validated using data on continuously measured EC in discharge water and GW depth. EC was selected for the test because in active AS soils there is a very strong correlation between EC and SO 4 2− in discharge water (e.g., Åström and Björklund 1997;Toivonen and Österholm 2011), an observation made also in our experimental area (Virtanen et al 2016). In our study fields, oxidation of sulfidic material, producing SO 4 2− and elevated EC in the discharge water, occurred mostly in the BCg horizon at 120-150 cm and in the upper part of the Cg (below 150 cm).…”

Section: Nitrogen In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen stocks and flows in an acid sulfate soil

Yli‐Halla

Virtanen²,

Regina

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Besides causing acidification, acid sulfate (AS) soils contain large nitrogen (N) stocks and are a potential source of N loading to waters and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We quantified the stocks and flows of N, including crop yields, N leaching, and N2O emissions, in a cultivated AS soil in western Finland. We also investigated whether controlled drainage (CD) and sub-irrigation (CDI) to keep the sulfidic horizons inundated can alleviate N losses. Total N stock at 0–100 cm (19.5 Mg ha−1) was smaller than at 100–200 cm (26.6 Mg ha−1), and the mineral N stock was largest below 170 cm. Annual N leaching (31–91 kg N ha−1) plus N in harvested grain (74–122 kg N ha−1) was 148% (range 118–189%) of N applied in fertilizers (90–125 kg N ha−1) in 2011–2017, suggesting substantial N supply from soil reserves. Annual emissions of N2O measured during 2 years were 8–28 kg N ha−1. The most probable reasons for high N2O emission rates in AS soils are concomitant large mineral N pools with fluctuating redox conditions and low pH in the oxidized subsoil, all favoring formation of N2O in nitrification and denitrification. Although the groundwater level was higher in CD and CDI than in conventional drainage, N load and crop offtake did not differ between the drainage methods, but there were differences in emissions. Nitrogen flows to the atmosphere and drainage water were clearly larger than those in non-AS mineral soils indicating that AS soils are potential hotspots of environmental impacts.

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Section: Nitrogen In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen stocks and flows in an acid sulfate soil

Yli‐Halla

Virtanen²,

Regina

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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“…1-3; Appelo and Postma, 2005;Choi et al, 2011;Toivonen and Österholm, 2011, and references in these papers). Pyrite oxidation may also occur in the absence of NO 3 − by oxygen-rich groundwater (Appelo and Postma, 2005):…”

Section: Chemistry and Field Parameters Of Ground-and Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…zink, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium (e.g. Linnik, 2000;Linnik and Zubenko, 2000;Toivonen and Österholm, 2011). The source of these and other metals may be atmospheric (Belzile et al, 2004) or waste from mining activities (Martin and Pederson, 2002) or AR of contaminated surface water (Stuyfzand et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal accumulation in an artificially recharged gravel pit lake used for drinking water supply

Mollema

Stuyfzand

Juhász-Holterman

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…With the oxidation of Fe-sulphide in ASS and the acidification of ASS, many metals (e.g. iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As)) are easily mobilized and released in toxic quantities in soil water, so that they become detrimental to plants or aquatic organisms (Lin et al 2001;Toivonen & Österholm 2011). In addition, extremely acidic soil conditions enhance the loss of some essential nutrient elements (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the acidity and sulphate fractions in acid sulphate soils and their relationship with rice yield

Huang

Tang

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYMost acid sulphate soils (ASSs) in the Pearl River Delta of South China have been traditionally reclaimed for rice cultivation, but the rice yield in most of these paddy fields is lower than the average rice yield in China due to extremely high soil acidity. In the present study, a range of sulphate and acidity parameters were investigated in ASS profiles in three types of paddy fields in Taishan City (Guangdong Province, China) divided based on the local rice productivity (4500, 3000 and 1500 kg/ha) using an abandoned ASS (uncultivated) as the control treatment to ascertain key yield constraining parameters. Soluble acidity (SA), exchangeable acidity (ExA), soluble sulphate (SS) and net acid-soluble sulphate (NAS) increased with increasing soil depths from 0 to 100 cm and then decreased abruptly with further increases in the depth. However, the depth distribution of exchangeable sulphate (ES) was uniform. The soil acidity and sulphate contents differed significantly in three sampled paddy fields. The values of SA and SS in the soils at depths of 0–100 cm in the studied ASS were lower compared with those in the uncultivated ASS and the ExA in soils at depths of 0–40 cm in ASS were lower compared with those observed in the uncultivated ASS. A correlation analysis revealed that SA was strongly correlated with SS and ExA with NAS. Soluble acidity, ExA, SS and NAS in the ASS were significantly associated with rice yield. Exchangeable acidity in the plough layer (0–20 cm) of soils was the most sensitive indicator of soil quality affecting rice yield among those in soils from 0 to 140 cm depth. It is interesting to note that SA, SS and NAS were more sensitive indicators of soil quality affecting rice yield at 60–100 cm than at 0–40 cm depth. Principal component analysis showed that pH value, ExA and ES in soils at depths of 0–40 cm and SA, SS and NAS in soils at depths of 60–100 cm constituted the critical soil acidity and sulphate characteristics that were strongly correlated with rice yields. This finding implies that controlling the ExA in the plough layer and the SA and NAS in the Jarosite layer should be the major focus of studies aimed at the amelioration of ASSs.

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Characterization of acid sulfate soils and assessing their impact on a humic boreal lake

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Nitrogen stocks and flows in an acid sulfate soil

Nitrogen stocks and flows in an acid sulfate soil

Metal accumulation in an artificially recharged gravel pit lake used for drinking water supply

Characteristics of the acidity and sulphate fractions in acid sulphate soils and their relationship with rice yield

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