Characterization of algal organic matter and formation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination

Fang, Jingyun; Yang, Xin; Ma, Jun; Shang, Chii; Zhao, Quan

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.009

Cited by 359 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The solid-state 13 C NMR spectra were acquired using a cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) on a Bruker instrument (AVANCE III, 400 MHz, Bruker, Germany) with a 4 mm H/X/Y probe. 13 C CPMAS NMR was performed on 100-200 mg of the samples (contact time of 3 ms, pulse delay of 1 s, spinning rate of 5000 Hz and 20480 scans).…”

Section: Characterization Of Dbps Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C CPMAS NMR was performed on 100-200 mg of the samples (contact time of 3 ms, pulse delay of 1 s, spinning rate of 5000 Hz and 20480 scans).…”

Section: Characterization Of Dbps Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrophilic fraction may also contribute substantially to the formation of DBPs especially in waters with low humic component [11]. Moreover, it was found that the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water depended on climate, geological conditions and surrounding watersheds [12][13][14]. Although some studies were performed to characterize NOM in several source waters [12,14,15], little information was focused on the composition and characteristics of DBPs precursors in different regions of China, especially for the individual structure of DBPs precursors in waters with high concentration of bromide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of SUVA value in predicting DBPs formation with different bromide, SUVA and DOC levels was investigated. The raw waters and the corresponding fractions were examined for their associated functional groups by three dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) spectra analysis. Relationship between the structures of DBPs precursors and DBPs species was explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• The DBPFP of source waters did not correlate with the DOC value.• SUVA didn't represent the potential to form DBP in low-aromatic waters.• The Hi fraction played an important role in DBPFP for waters.• Phenolic hydroxyl group tended to form TCM and TCAA during chlorination.• Carboxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl groups tended to form DCAA and Br-DBP. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tThe characterization of DBP precursors from three source waters in China revealed that the DBPFP did not correlate with the DOC value. The Ho fraction mainly contained phenolic hydroxyl and conjugated double bonds which were reactive with chlorine to produce DBP, especially TCM and TCAA. The Hi fraction may contain more amino, carboxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, which had the great potential to form DCAA and Br-DBP during chlorination. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tIn this study, the disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPFP) of three surface waters with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of 2.5, 5.2, and 7.9 mg/L was investigated. The formation and distribution of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were evaluated. Samples collected from three surface waters in China were fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The raw water containing more hydrophobic (Ho) fraction exhibited higher formation potentials of haloacetic acid and trihalomethane. The DBPFP of the surface waters did not correlate with the DOC value. The values of DBPFP per DOC were correlated with the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) for Ho and Hi fractions. The obtained results suggested that SUVA cannot reveal the ability of reactive sites to form disinfection byproducts for waters with few aromatic structures. Combined with the analysis of FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the raw waters and the corresponding fractions, it was concluded that the Ho fraction with phenolic hydroxyl and conjugated double bonds was responsible for the production of trichloromethanes and trichloroacetic acids. The Hi fraction with amino and carboxyl groups had the potential to form dichloroacetic acids and chlorinated trihalomethanes.

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Section: Characterization Of Dbps Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C CPMAS NMR was performed on 100-200 mg of the samples (contact time of 3 ms, pulse delay of 1 s, spinning rate of 5000 Hz and 20480 scans).…”

Section: Characterization Of Dbps Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The relative proportions of these constituents may vary depending on species, age of culture and environmental conditions. The predominance of PS and PN in AOM results in its hydrophilic character [1,4,5]. Some species of algae produce high amounts of extracellular PS, which may constitute more than 80% of the overall AOM production [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced characterization of dissolved organic matter released by bloom-forming marine algae

Rehman¹,

Jeong²,

Tabatabai³

et al. 2017

Desalination and Water Treatment

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a b s t r a c tAlgal organic matter (AOM), produced by marine phytoplankton during bloom periods, may adversely affect the performance of membrane processes in seawater desalination. The polysaccharide fraction of AOM has been related to (bio)fouling in micro-filtration and ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis membranes. However, so far, the chemical structure of the polysaccharides released by bloom-forming algae is not well understood. In this study, dissolved fraction of AOM produced by three algal species (Chaetoceros affinis, Nitzschia epithemoides and Hymenomonas spp.) was characterized using liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Chemical structure of polysaccharides isolated from the AOM solutions at stationary phase was analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The results showed that production and composition of dissolved AOM varied depending on algal species and their growth stage. AOM was mainly composed of biopolymers (BP; i.e., polysaccharides and proteins [PN]), but some refractory substances were also present. 1 H-NMR spectra confirmed the predominance of carbohydrates in all samples. Furthermore, similar fingerprints were observed for polysaccharides of two diatom species, which differed considerably from that of coccolithophores. Based on the findings of this study, 1 H-NMR could be used as a method for analyzing chemical profiles of algal polysaccharides to enhance the understanding of their impact on membrane fouling.

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Effects of harmful algal blooms on regulated disinfection byproducts: Findings from five utility case studies

et al. 2021

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During a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (HAB) event, drinking water treatment systems face the challenge of balancing acute and chronic health risks by treating the potentially toxin‐producing HAB and simultaneously managing for disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. To explore the relationship between HAB events and DBP formation, a unique full‐scale study, including paired source water and finished water monitoring, was conducted at five drinking water utilities with HAB‐impacted source waters. Results confirm bench‐scale findings that HAB events in source water contribute to increases in DBP precursors. However, unlike results from laboratory studies, source water HAB‐related parameters and finished water DBPs were not consistently correlated at the five study utilities. These different outcomes suggest regulated DBP formation in utilities with HAB‐impacted source water is complex and influenced by a variety of site‐specific conditions, including source water conditions and data available for operational decision‐making, timing of treatment adjustments, and key operational choices.

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Characterization of algal organic matter and formation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination

Cited by 359 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Advanced characterization of dissolved organic matter released by bloom-forming marine algae

Effects of harmful algal blooms on regulated disinfection byproducts: Findings from five utility case studies

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