Characterization of Alginate-Cellulose-Kaolin Composites for Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer

Abstract

Research on the effect of cellulose and kaolin addition to alginate-cellulose-kaolin composites' characteristics as a slow-release agent of urea fertilizer has been done. The technique used in composites' preparation is an extrusion technique using 2% CaCl2 solution as a cross-linker. The compositions of alginate-cellulose-kaolin were varied to determine their effect on composites' characteristics such as diameter, color, swelling ratio, entrapment efficiency, and release of urea. The results showed that the diameter of beads in wet condition produced ranges from 2.98 to 3.54 mm, whereas the diameter of dry beads ranges from 1.22 to 1.92 mm. The addition of cellulose and kaolin affected the color of the beads produced based on CIE Lab analysis. The value of the swelling ratio decreased with the addition of cellulose and kaolin. The entrapment efficiency of urea in beads obtained ranged from 37.25 to 45.06%. The release of urea in aqueous media showed that cellulose and kaolin's addition into the alginate affected the amount of released urea.

Facile Preparation of Chitosan-Alginate Crosslinked with Calcium Chloride Hydrogel as Sustained Release Fertilizers

“…Meanwhile, C-H stretching alkyl vibration is shown in wavenumbers 2925 cm − 1 , 1589 cm − 1 (-COO asymmetric stretching) which shows the carbonyl groups on the alginate, 1014 cm − 1 (vibration of carboxyl and ether). These absorptions were reported in alginate-cellulose-kaolin composites [20].…”

Release behavior and biodegradability of controlled‐release potassium fertilizer encapsulated in starch–alginate matrix

“…The swelling of the dry beads is primarily due to the hydration of the hydrophilic groups in alginate, specifically the carboxylate and hydroxyl groups. This hydration increases the number of hydrogen bonds that water can bind to and allows free water to penetrate the inert pores among the polymer chains 35 . Figure 5a shows that as the alginate content increases from 0.5% w/v to 1.0% w/v, the swelling ratio rises, and it decreases as alginate decreases from 1.0% w/v to 2.0% w/v.…”

“…This hydration increases the number of hydrogen bonds that water can bind to and allows free water to penetrate the inert pores among the polymer chains. 35 Figure 5a shows that as the alginate content increases from 0.5% w/v to 1.0% w/v, the swelling ratio rises, and it decreases as alginate decreases from 1.0% w/v to 2.0% w/v. The rise in swelling ratio can be linked to the growing anionic nature of alginate, promoting repulsion among molecular chains.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Production from Oil Palm Male Inflorescence as Food Stabilizer

“…The vibration of the formed bonding groups is caused by the fact that they are both derived from cellulose. Wave numbers 3446.79 cm -1 and 3448.72 cm -1 correspond to -OH (hydroxyl) groups found in cellulose (Fadillah, 2018) (Sunardi, Faramitha, & Santoso, 2021). The -C-H (hydrocarbon) group is indicated by vibrations at numbers 2900.94 cm -1 and 2992.16 cm -1 (Erningsih, Yulina, & Mutia, 2011).…”