Characterization of alkali treated new cellulosic fibre from Cyrtostachys renda

Loganathan, Tamil Moli; Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed; Ahsan, Q.; Jawaid, Mohammad; Naveen, J.; Shah, Ain Umaira Md; Hua, Lee Seng

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.01.091

Cited by 108 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In general, hemicellulose and lignin are materials with amorphous characteristics that, owing to increased temperature and pressure, tend to go through a stage of glass transition between 80 and 193 °C. Pretreatments conducted at higher temperatures can coalesce lignin molecules, which migrate from the cell wall and deposit on fiber surfaces [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Qian et al [ 48 ], Kristensen et al [ 39 ], and Araya et al [ 49 ] observed this same behavior in bamboo, wheat straw, and eucalyptus fibers, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the mercerization treatments eliminate hemicellulose molecules, no sharp peaks in TG curves close to 244 °C are noticed, which mark its second stage of decomposition. Residual hemicellulose chains underwent depolymerization at temperatures around 180 °C [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Moreover, HYD 30 and BIO 24 treatments, Figure 9 b,c, revealed the highest thermal stability for cellulose molecules’ depolymerization, with practically the same maximum degradation temperatures of 347 °C in the DTG curves of Figure 9 d. For the chemical treatment NaOH 10, the maximum degradation rate occurred at slightly lower temperature of 337 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Treatments of Coffee Husk Fiber Waste for Effective Incorporation into Polymer Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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Natural lignocellulose fibers have been extensively investigated and applied as a reinforcement of polymer composites in industrial applications from food packing to automotive parts. Among the advantages of natural fibers stands their relatively low cost and sustainable characteristics. These are accentuated in the case of residual fibers such as those obtained from coffee husks, an agribusiness waste, usually burnt or disposed into the environment. As composite reinforcement, hydrophilic natural fibers display adhesion problems to the most hydrophobic polymer matrices. This adhesion might be improved with distinct types of fibers surface treatments. In the present work, the effectiveness of three surface treatments applied to coffee husk fiber wastes (CHFW) were investigated, aiming to improve the tensile performance of castor oil-based polyurethane (COPU) biocomposites. The effects of treatments associated with (i) chemical with sodium hydroxide, (ii) physical by temperature and pressure and hydrothermic treatment, and (iii) biological by fermentation with Phanerochaete Chrysosporium fungus were evaluated by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses and morphology by scanning electron microscopy for different concentration of NaOH, different hydrothermic times at 121 °C/98 kPa and exposition to P. chrysosporium. The most effective treatment was the hydrothermal one at 121 °C and 98.06 kPa for 30 min. Preliminary tensile tests were performed in COPU biocomposites reinforced with 20% CHFWs subjected to the optimized conditions for each distinct type of treatment. The results indicated that the hydrothermal treatment promoted significant enhancement in the fiber/matrix interfacial bond, increasing the tensile strength up to 60% compared to COPU reinforced with in natura CHFWs fibers. It is important to mention that these composites can be applied as plastic wood for household items’ internal parts and in the automobile industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Treatments of Coffee Husk Fiber Waste for Effective Incorporation into Polymer Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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“…The sample where the first step of immersing the cotton in wood ash extract was excluded and the sample was treated only in pomegranate peel extract and zinc acetate dihydrate exhibits the lowest K/S value among the samples functionalized with pomegranate peel extract. Not all hydroxyl groups in the cellulose chain molecule are equally accessible to water, chemical reagents, or dyes [ 53 , 54 ]. Alkaline media increases the amount of free OH – functional groups due to the swelling, giving a more open accessible structure [ 55 ], which enables the cellulose substrate higher adsorption of plant extract and therefore increases the K/S value of the cotton fabric.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection.

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“…This plant is typically cultivated for landscaping purposes, and its waste is underused. A previous study found that CR fiber is compatible with phenolic by improving its mechanical properties [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Cyrtostachys renda/Kenaf Fiber Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)-Phenolic Composites

Loganathan

Sultan

Jawaid³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Adequate awareness of sustainable materials and eco-legislation have inspired researchers to identify alternative sustainable and green composites for synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the automotive and aircraft industries. This research focused on investigating the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of different hybrid Cyrtostachys renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (10C:0K, 7C:3K, 5C:5K, 3C:7K, 0C:10K) reinforced with 0.5 wt% MWCNT–phenolic composites. We incorporated 0.5 wt% of MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder) using a ball milling process for 25 h to achieve homogeneous distribution. The results revealed that CR fiber composites showed higher voids content (12.23%) than pure kenaf fiber composites (6.57%). CR fiber phenolic composite was more stable to the swelling tendency, resulting in the lowest percentage of swelling rate (4.11%) compared to kenaf composite (5.29%). The addition of kenaf fiber into CR composites had improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The highest tensile and flexural properties were found for weight fraction of CR and kenaf fiber at 5C:5K (47.96 MPa) and 3C:7K (90.89 MPa) composites, respectively. In contrast, the highest impact properties were obtained for 0C:10K composites (9.56 kJ/m2). Based on the FE-SEM image, the CR fiber lumen was larger in comparison to kenaf fiber. The lumen of CR fiber was attributed to higher void and water absorption, lower mechanical properties compared to kenaf fiber. 5C:5K composite was selected as an optimal hybrid composite, based on the TOPSIS method. This hybrid composite can be used as an interior component (non-load-bearing structures) in the aviation and automotive sectors.

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Characterization of alkali treated new cellulosic fibre from Cyrtostachys renda

Cited by 108 publications

References 45 publications

Surface Treatments of Coffee Husk Fiber Waste for Effective Incorporation into Polymer Biocomposites

Surface Treatments of Coffee Husk Fiber Waste for Effective Incorporation into Polymer Biocomposites

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Cyrtostachys renda/Kenaf Fiber Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)-Phenolic Composites

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