Characterization of an aerodynamic lens for transmitting particles &amp;gt; 1 micrometer in diameter into the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer

Williams, Leah R.; Gonzalez, Lino; Peck, Jay; Trimborn, D.; McInnis, Jennifer P.; Farrar, M. R.; Moore, Kori D.; Jayne, John T.; Robinson, Walter A.; Lewis, David; Onasch, T. B.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Trimborn, A.; Timko, Michaël T.; Magoon, Gregory R.; Deng, Rensheng; Tang, Duyu; Prévôt, A. S. H.; Smith, Kenneth A.; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Rindge, Cambridge

doi:10.5194/amtd-6-5033-2013

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The aerodynamic lens pressure plays an important role in particle transmission (Schreiner et al 1999;Wang and McMurry 2006;Williams et al 2013). Typically large particles are lost due to their greater inertia relative to smaller particles causing impaction within the lens.…”

Section: Modeling Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To rectify this problem a relaxation region ( Figure 1a) was designed to slow down the particles before entry into the aerodynamic lens stack. Previous studies have shown that the addition of a relaxation region significantly enhances particle transmission (Wang and McMurry 2006;Williams et al 2013). The inner diameter of the lens spacers was constrained to ∼12 mm to be compatible with the existing ATOFMS hardware.…”

Section: Modeled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• to remove eddies of recirculating flow, which can form at corners of the relaxation region and result in particle loss (Wang and McMurry 2006;Williams et al 2013).…”

Section: Modeled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lens apertures were fabricated using electrical discharge machining, as recommended in Williams et al (2013). Both the relaxation region and lens orifices were inspected visually for evidence of particle deposition.…”

Section: Aerodynamic Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provides superior transmission compared to other inlets, such as a converging nozzle. The majority of DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-PRESSURE AERODYNAMIC LENS 949 aerodynamic lens systems were designed to focus particles with diameters <1 μm (Liu et al 1995a,b;Schreiner et al 1998;Zhang et al 2002;Su et al 2004;Zhang et al 2004;Wang et al 2005a; Lee et al 2008Lee et al , 2009, while relatively few lens systems are capable of focusing particles >1 μm (Schreiner et al 1999;Fergenson et al 2004;Deng et al 2008;Wu et al 2009b;Lee et al 2013;Williams et al 2013). Significant efforts have been made to simulate transmission of larger particles (Schreiner et al 1999;Liu et al 2007;Deng et al 2008;Wu et al 2009b;Lee et al 2013;Williams et al 2013); however, there are few reported empirical measurements showing significant transmission of particles >3 μm (Schreiner et al 1999;Deng et al 2008;Wu et al 2009a;Williams et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a High-Pressure Aerodynamic Lens for Focusing Large Particles (4–10 μm) into the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Cahill

Darlington

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A new aerodynamic lens system for an online aerosol time-offlight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) has been designed and constructed to transmit and allow the analysis of individual particles in the 4-10-µm-size range. Modeling was used to help design the lens within the bounds of ATOFMS instrumental constraints. The aerodynamic lens operates at a high inlet pressure, 3066 Pa (23 Torr), with a unique tapered relaxation region to improve large particle transmission. Every stage of the lens was tested empirically using a combination of particle deposition and light scattering experiments. The critical orifice was found to significantly impact large particle transmission, with orifices <200 µm in diameter completely suppressing large particle transmission. The addition of a virtual impactor allowed for the use of large orifices without any loss of functionality in the ATOFMS. The detection efficiency of the ATOFMS was >10% for particles from 4-10 µm with a peak efficiency of 74 ± 9% for 6-µm particles. With the extended size range provided by this inlet, the ATOFMS can now be extended to investigate single cell metabolomics.

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Section: Modeling Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• to remove eddies of recirculating flow, which can form at corners of the relaxation region and result in particle loss (Wang and McMurry 2006;Williams et al 2013).…”

Section: Modeled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerodynamic Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a High-Pressure Aerodynamic Lens for Focusing Large Particles (4–10 μm) into the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Cahill

Darlington

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Characterization of ice‐nucleating bacteria using on‐line electron impact ionization aerosol mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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The mass spectral signatures of airborne bacteria were measured and analyzed in cloud simulation experiments at the AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) facility. Suspensions of cultured cells in pure water were sprayed into the aerosol and cloud chambers forming an aerosol which consisted of intact cells, cell fragments and residual particles from the agar medium in which the bacteria were cultured. The aerosol particles were analyzed with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer equipped with a newly developed PM2.5 aerodynamic lens. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2) source apportionment was applied to deconvolve the bacteria and agar mass spectral signatures. The bacteria mass fraction contributed between 75 and 95% depending on the aerosol generation, with the remaining mass attributed to agar. We present mass spectra of Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria typical for ice-nucleation active bacteria in the atmosphere to facilitate the distinction of airborne bacteria from other constituents in ambient aerosol, e.g. by PMF/ME-2 source apportionment analyses. Nitrogen-containing ions were the most salient feature of the bacteria mass spectra, and a combination of C4 H8 N(+) (m/z 70) and C5 H12 N(+) (m/z 86) may be used as marker ions.

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Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber

et al. 2013

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We present a new mobile environmental reaction chamber for the simulation of the atmospheric aging of different emission sources without limitation from the instruments or facilities available at any single site. Photochemistry is simulated using a set of 40 UV lights (total power 4 KW). Characterisation of the emission spectrum of these lights shows that atmospheric aging of emissions may be simulated over a range of temperatures (−7 to 25 °C). A photolysis rate of NO₂, J_NO₂, of (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ was determined at 25 °C. We demonstrate the utility of this new system by presenting results on the aging (OH = 12 × 10⁶ cm⁻³ h) of emissions from a modern (Euro 5) gasoline car operated during a driving cycle (New European Driving Cycle, NEDC) on a chassis dynamometer in a vehicle test cell. Emissions from the entire NEDC were sampled and aged in the chamber. Total organic aerosol (OA; primary organic aerosol (POA) emission + secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation) was (369.8–397.5)10⁻³ g kg⁻¹ fuel, or (13.2–15.4) × 10⁻³ g km⁻¹, after aging, with aged OA/POA in the range 9–15. A thorough investigation of the composition of the gas phase emissions suggests that the observed SOA is from previously unconsidered precursors and processes. This large enhancement in particulate matter mass from gasoline vehicle aerosol emissions due to SOA formation, if it occurs across a wider range of gasoline vehicles, would have significant implications for our understanding of the contribution of on-road gasoline vehicles to ambient aerosols

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Characterization of an aerodynamic lens for transmitting particles > 1 micrometer in diameter into the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Development of a High-Pressure Aerodynamic Lens for Focusing Large Particles (4–10 μm) into the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Development of a High-Pressure Aerodynamic Lens for Focusing Large Particles (4–10 μm) into the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Characterization of ice‐nucleating bacteria using on‐line electron impact ionization aerosol mass spectrometry

Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber

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