Characterization of an immune deficiency (IMD) homolog from the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense

Characterization of a novel immune deficiency gene of Macrobrachium rosenbergii reveals antibacterial and antiviral defenses

“…This study reveals the immune response of MrIMD to bacterial and viral infections, indicating that the expression of MrIMD after A. hydrophila stimulation was strongly and significantly upregulated at 6 hpi in muscle and at 24 hpi in the gills. These results correspond to those reported for the IMD genes of several other species, including FcIMD from F. chinensis (Vibrio anguillarum and Micrococcus lysodeikticus challenge; Feng et al 2014), PcIMD from P. clarkii (V. anguillarum challenge; Lan et al 2013), MnIMD from M. nipponense (V. parahaemolyticus challenge; Li et al 2018), and CqIMD from C. quadricarinatus (V. parahaemolyticus stimulation; Chen and Wang 2022), in which an early rapid expression of the IMD genes in response to bacterial infection was found in the gills. However, decreased expression of the MrIMD gene in the intestine corresponded to downregulation of the CqIMD gene in the muscle after bacterial V. parahaemolyticus infection.…”

“…Similarly, high expression levels of IMD mRNA in the gills have been reported in other F I G U R E 4 Phylogenetic relationships of immune deficiency (IMD) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) proteins from various organisms. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates and was rooted with RIPK1 from Zebrafish Danio rerio using MEGA X software based on the full-length amino acid sequences of Macrobrachium rosenbergii MrIMD protein as well as IMD and RIPK1 proteins from other species: LvIMD, Litopenaeus vannamei (ACL37048); shrimp species, such as L. vannamei (Wang et al chinensis (Lan et al 2013;Feng et al 2014), and M. nipponense (Li et al 2018). In particular, for M. nipponense, which has the most similar expression patterns, MnIMD expression was highest in the gills, followed by the hepatopancreas and stomach, while the expression was lowest in the hemocytes and muscle.…”

“…Later, FcIMD from the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and PcIMD from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were identified and shown to regulate the expression of three kinds of AMP genes, including crustins, antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), and lysozymes (Lan et al 2013;Feng et al 2014). In 2018, MnIMD from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense was identified, and it was found to regulate the expression of the crustin family (Li et al 2018). Additionally, IMD genes were identified in other crustaceans, including several crab species, such as SpIMD from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, PtIMD from the gazami crab Portunus trituberculatus, and EsIMD from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Zhou et al 2018(Zhou et al , 2022Bai et al 2020).…”

“…In 2018, MnIMD from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense was identified, and it was found to regulate the expression of the crustin family (Li et al. 2018). Additionally, IMD genes were identified in other crustaceans, including several crab species, such as SpIMD from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain , PtIMD from the gazami crab Portunus trituberculatus , and EsIMD from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Zhou et al.…”

Aeromonas veronii associated with red gill disease and its induced immune response in Macrobrachium nipponense

“…Like other crustaceans, M. nipponense depends on innate immune to defend various pathogens. Various aspects of the innate immune system have been studied in M. nipponense , such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phenoloxidase systems and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Li et al., 2018). In this study, the expression patterns of nine immune‐related genes in M. nipponense were determined after A. veronii infection.…”