Characterization of an Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated from Commercial Layers Suffering from False Layer Syndrome

Silva, A. P. Da; Giroux, C.; Sellers, Holly S.; Mendoza-Reilley, A.; Stoute, Simone; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00037

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To the authors' knowledge, there is no published study in which IBV CA1737 or any California lineage has been directly detected and/or associated with cystic oviducts in laying chickens. One study in Arizona reported CA1737 (89% homologous) in sentinel male birds placed in pullet houses from which layer birds showing FLS-related gross lesions were raised (3). Moreover, IBV virus was never directly detected or isolated from the affected layer flock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a grammacoronavirus in the subfamily Coronavirinae and family Coronaviridae (2). It is a disease of chickens, inducing predominantly upper respiratory disease; however, some IBV strains can affect the epithelial cells of the urogenital “and/or” reproductive tracts causing renal disease and or reproductive abnormalities (3). Economic losses associated with IB include increase morbidity, poor feed conversion, high condemnation rate, and decreased egg production and/or egg quality (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False layer syndrome (FLS) describes a condition in which usually during the first week of life the reproductive tract of chicks is infected with IBV, leading to damage of the oviduct during oviductal development and subsequent cyst formation or atrophy (3,6,8,9,10). These pathological changes result in permanent damage to the oviduct, which prevents oviposition and can lead to flocks with an increased incidence of peritonitis and low peaks of egg production (3). These birds usually exhibit normal behavior, including nesting, and they appear physiologically ready to lay, e.g., having adequate pubic bone separation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some may develop a pendulous abdomen due to the accumulation of free yolks in the coelomic cavity or large cystic oviducts (6). Strains of IBV associated with cystic oviducts include the QX strain, Massachusetts (M41) strain, Australian T strain, and more recently the DMV/1639 strain in the United States and Canada (3,6,8,11,12). A recent challenge study by Slay et al .…”

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

et al. 2023

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False layer syndrome is a condition in which the reproductive tract of chicks is infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains that cause permanent damage to the oviduct. These chickens subsequently develop cystic oviducts and do not lay eggs, and affected flocks fail to reach expected egg production peaks. The California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory, Turlock Branch, received four separate case submissions from a 25-to-28-wk-old commercial ISA Brown layer flock. Birds were submitted for diagnostic evaluation due to suboptimal egg production and vent pecking. Submissions totaled 31 birds and consisted of live layers, recent mortality, and a flat of eggs. No clinical signs were observed in the submitted live birds. The most common gross findings included cystic left oviducts, signs of vent pecking, ovarian regression, and yolk coelomitis. The eggs were abnormally shaped with irregular, white, gritty deposits on the surface of the shell. Microscopically, there was atrophy of the oviducts, glandular hypoplasia, and lymphocytic salpingitis. In addition, lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis was observed, and renal tubules were dilated with multifocal areas of mineralization. IBV was identified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR from cecal tonsil tissue pools and tracheal swab pools. Sequencing of the S1 hypervariable region of IBV and whole-genome IBV sequencing were 97% homologous to the California variant CA1737/04. Definitive proof of the CA1737 strain's causing reproductive abnormalities will require challenge studies with fulfillment of Koch's postulates and evaluation of confounding and risk factors.RESUMEN. Reporte de caso-Virus de la bronquitis infecciosa Variante de California CA1737 aislada de una parvada comercial de ponedoras con oviductos quísticos y mala calidad externa del huevo.El síndrome de la falsa capa es una condición en la cual el tracto reproductivo de las gallinas esta ´infectado con cepas del virus de la bronquitis infecciosa (IBV) que causan daño permanente al oviducto. Posteriormente, estas gallinas desarrollan oviductos quísticos y bajas en la postura de huevo, las parvadas afectadas no alcanzan los picos de producción de huevos esperados. El laboratorio de Salud Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria de California, con sede en Turlock, recibió cuatro casos separados de una parvada comercial de ponedoras ISA Brown de 25 a 28 semanas de edad. Las aves se enviaron para evaluación diagnóstica debido a una producción de huevos subóptima y por presencia de picoteo en las cloacas. Se recibieron un total de 31 aves y consistieron en aves de postura vivas, mortalidad reciente y adema ´s una charola de huevos. No se observaron signos clínicos en las aves vivas enviadas. Los hallazgos macroscópicos ma ´s comunes incluyeron oviductos izquierdos quísticos, signos de picoteo en las cloacas, regresión ova ´rica y celomitis de la yema. Los huevos tenían una forma anormal con depósitos irregulares, blancos y arenosos en la superficie de la ca ´scara. Microscópicamente, había atrofia de los ovid...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

et al. 2023

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“…This study used four DMV/1639-like sequences and five QX-like sequences as a baseline to determine datasets based on similarities of each of the 10 IBV genes using BLAST searches on GenBank. These isolates were obtained from collaborators that had previously reported that they belonged to IBV genotype I, lineages 17 (DMV) and 19 (QX) [12,22,24] (Figure 1). Three out of the four DMV-like isolates come from the same region in the US and are almost identical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains

Silva¹,

Jude²,

Gallardo³

2022

Preprint

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly variable RNA virus that affects chickens worldwide. Due to its inherited tendency to suffer point mutations and recombination events during viral replication, emergent IBV strains have been linked to nephropathogenic and reproductive disease that are more severe than the typical respiratory disease, leading, in some cases, to mortality, severe production losses, and/or unsuccessful vaccination. QX and DMV/1639 strains are examples of the above-mentioned IBV evolutionary pathway and clinical outcome. In this study, our purpose was to systematically compare whole genomes of QX and DMV strains looking at each IBV gene individually. Phylogenetic analyses and amino acid site searches were performed in datasets obtained from GenBank accounting for all IBV genes and using our own relevant sequences as a basis. The QX dataset studied is more genetically diverse than the DMV dataset, partially due to the greater epidemiological diversity within the five QX strains used as a basis compared to the four DMV strains from our study. Historically, QX strains have emerged and spread earlier than DMV strains in Europe and Asia. Consequently, there are more QX sequences deposited in GenBank than DMV strains, assisting in the identification of a larger pool of QX strains. It is likely that a similar evolutionary pattern will be observed among DMV strains as they develop and spread in North America.

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Heterologous maternal antibodies derived from infectious bronchitis vaccines prevent the development of lesions associated with false layer syndrome

Hassan,

Farooq,

Ali

et al. 2024

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Characterization of an Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated from Commercial Layers Suffering from False Layer Syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains

Heterologous maternal antibodies derived from infectious bronchitis vaccines prevent the development of lesions associated with false layer syndrome

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