Characterization of an injectable, degradable polymer for mechanical stabilization of mandibular fractures

Henslee, Allan M.; Yoon, Diana M.; Lu, Benjamin Y.; Yu, Joseph; Arango, Andrew A.; Marruffo, Liann P.; Seng, Luke; Anver, Tamir D.; Ather, Hunaiza; Nair, Manitha B.; Piper, Sean O.; Demian, Nagi; Wong, Mark E.; Kasper, F. Kurtis; Mikos, Antonios G.

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33216

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…FDM has been used with a wide variety of polymers for tissue engineering, , and it is a beneficial processing method for biomaterials because automated regulation of temperature, pressure, speed, and X , Y , and Z deposition allow precise control over material extrusion characteristics as well as final scaffold architecture . The advantages of PPF, including injectability , and robust cross-linking for structural stability, make it an attractive candidate for FDM fabrication methods. Although PPF is highly viscous at room temperature, the addition of the monomer DEF decreases the viscosity to improve injectability or in this case, extrusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical differences were determined using Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Next, the main effects and interactions among factors (wt % PPF, speed, pressure, spacing) were evaluated using both a linear and quadratic full-factorial regression model using SAS JMP Pro 10 software following previous methods. − Differences were deemed significant if the p -value was <0.01, and all other factors were removed from the model if they were not considered significant based on a backward stepwise regression model. The model was rerun after nonsignificant factors were removed to produce the final model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) in a Full-Factorial Design

Trachtenberg

Placone

Smith

et al. 2016

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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3D printing has emerged as an important technique for fabricating tissue engineered scaffolds. However, systematic evaluations of biomaterials for 3D printing have not been widely investigated. We evaluated poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) as a model material for extrusion-based printing applications. A full-factorial design evaluating the effects of four factors (PPF concentration, printing pressure, printing speed, and programmed fiber spacing) on viscosity, fiber diameter, and pore size was performed layer-by-layer on 3D scaffolds. We developed a linear model of printing solution viscosity, where concentration of PPF had the greatest effect on viscosity, and the polymer exhibited shear thinning behavior. Additionally, linear models of pore size and fiber diameter revealed that fiber spacing and pressure had the greatest effect on pore size and fiber diameter, respectively, but interplay among the factors also influenced scaffold architecture. This study serves as a platform to determine if novel biomaterials are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) in a Full-Factorial Design

Trachtenberg

Placone

Smith

et al. 2016

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…3D printing, however, is an ideal processing technique to control scaffold architecture and incorporate complex internal geometries and interconnected pores. To model the Ewing sarcoma (ES) tumors in vitro, we used a polymer, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), which can represent the bone tumor niche due to its suitability for bone-related applications − and robust mechanical properties . In addition to providing a suitable material for bone tissue engineering, the combination of this polymer with extrusion-based printing has enabled the fabrication of scaffolds with controlled pore sizes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Shear Stress Gradients on Ewing Sarcoma Cells Using 3D Printed Scaffolds and Flow Perfusion

Trachtenberg

Santoro

Williams

et al. 2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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In this work, we combined three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with flow perfusion bioreactors to evaluate the gradient effects of scaffold architecture and mechanical stimulation, respectively, on tumor cell phenotype. As cancer biologists elucidate the relevance of 3D in vitro tumor models within the drug discovery pipeline, it has become more compelling to model the tumor microenvironment and its impact on tumor cells. In particular, permeability gradients within solid tumors are inherently complex and difficult to accurately model in vitro. However, 3D printing can be used to design scaffolds with complex architecture, and flow perfusion can simulate mechanical stimulation within the tumor microenvironment. By modeling these gradients in vitro with 3D printed scaffolds and flow perfusion, we can identify potential diffusional limitations of drug delivery within a tumor. Ewing sarcoma (ES), a pediatric bone tumor, is a suitable candidate to study heterogeneous tumor response due to its demonstrated shear stress-dependent secretion of ligands important for ES tumor progression. We cultured ES cells under flow perfusion conditions on poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds, which were fabricated with a distinct pore size gradient via extrusion-based 3D printing. Computational fluid modeling confirmed the presence of a shear stress gradient within the scaffolds and estimated the average shear stress that ES cells experience within each layer. Subsequently, we observed enhanced cell proliferation under flow perfusion within layers supporting lower permeability and increased surface area. Additionally, the effects of shear stress gradients on ES cell signaling transduction of the insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway elicited a response dependent upon the scaffold gradient orientation and the presence of flow-derived shear stress. Our results highlight how 3D printed scaffolds, in combination with flow perfusion in vitro, can effectively model aspects of solid tumor heterogeneity for future drug testing and customized patient therapies.

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“…PPF has promise for applications in cranio-facial bone implants due to its strength. 16 PEG, a FDA approved polyol imparts the hydrophilicity to the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of matrix and bulk behaviour of an injectable hydrogel on the survival of encapsulated cardiac cells

2015

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Cytocompatibility, suitable porosity, higher equilibrium water content and tissue like elasticity are the demanding criteria required to design a hydrogel for cell encapsulation and delivery. Here a mechanically stable cell supporting synthetic hydrogel was fabricated from poly(propylene fumarate-coethylene glycol)/PEGDA by redox initiating polymerisation for cell encapsulation. A hydrogel prepared with 93.5% poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) and 6.5% PEGDA acquired matrix and bulk characteristics of equilibrium water content (EWC) 84.45 AE 0.80%, freezable water content 67.93%, Young modulus 212.2 AE 0.02 kPa and pore diameter 88.64 AE 18.96 mm. This hydrogel with higher free water content, favourable pore dimensions and mechanical strength was used to encapsulate cardiomyoblasts. The encapsulated cardiomyoblasts were showing increasing viability from 3-30 days with viable green fluorescence. The matrix and bulk characteristics of the hydrogel are favourable and elicited uniform, green fluorescing, live cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) inside with 150% cell viability (MTT assay) and uniform ECM protein distribution after 30 days. The slow in vitro degradation of the hydrogel in physiological-like conditions is favourable for the delivery and retention of the encapsulated cells at the injection site.

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Characterization of an injectable, degradable polymer for mechanical stabilization of mandibular fractures

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) in a Full-Factorial Design

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) in a Full-Factorial Design

Effects of Shear Stress Gradients on Ewing Sarcoma Cells Using 3D Printed Scaffolds and Flow Perfusion

Influence of matrix and bulk behaviour of an injectable hydrogel on the survival of encapsulated cardiac cells

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