Characterization of an Integrated Active Glu-1Ay Allele in Common Wheat from Wild Emmer and Its Potential Role in Flour Improvement

Abstract

Glu-1Ay, one of six genes encoding a high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), is frequently silenced in hexaploid common wheat. Here, an active allele of Glu-1Ay was integrated from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) accession D97 into the common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Chuannong 16 via the repeated self-fertilization of the pentaploid interspecific hybrid, culminating in the selection of a line TaAy7-40 shown to express the wild emmer Glu-1Ay allele. The open reading frame of this allele was a 1830 bp long sequence, demonstrated by its heterologous expression in Escherichia coli to encode a 608-residue polypeptide. Its nucleotide sequence was 99.2% identical to that of the sequence within the wild emmer parent. The TaAy7-40 introgression line containing the active Glu-1Ay allele showed higher protein content, higher sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation value, higher content of wet gluten in the flour, higher grain weight, and bigger grain size than Chuannong 16. The end-use quality parameters of the TaAy7-40 were superior to those of the medium gluten common wheat cultivars Mianmai 37 and Neimai 9. Thus, the active Glu-1Ay allele might be of potential value in breeding programs designed to improve wheat flour quality.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Genomic Regions Associated With High Grain Protein Content in Wheat Lines Derived From Wild Emmer Wheat

“…The wheat grain yield and GPC are negatively correlated and the negative correlation was mainly due to the dilution effect that making the simultaneous increase of the two traits challenging (Cox et al, 1985; Day et al, 1985; Simmonds, 1995). In our previous studies, we confirmed that the introgression of high GPC and TKW traits from wild emmer wheat to common wheat is feasible by wide hybridization (Wu et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2018). The TKW was positively correlated with grain yield as reported by previous studies (Bhatta et al, 2018a,b).…”

“…Wild emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides , 2n = 4x = AABB) is the tetraploid progenitor of cultivated wheat, offering wide genotypic variations relevant for improvement of various agronomic traits in wheat (Cakmak et al, 2004; Peleg et al, 2008b; Gomez-Becerra et al, 2010), such as GPC (e.g., Uauy et al, 2006a; Wang et al, 2018), disease resistance (Hua et al, 2009; Li et al, 2009), and drought resistance (Peleg et al, 2005, 2008a). The introgression is feasible due to the occurrence of homologous recombination between the A and B genomes of wild emmer and modern wheat.…”

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

“… 51 , 52 HMW-GS is grouped into x- and y-type subunits based on its electrophoretic mobility and molecular mass. 4 , 53 LMW-GS, which is similar to γ- gliadins in size and structure, is subdivided into B-, C-, and D-type subunits (differ from A, B and D genomes of wheat) basis on their isoelectric point (PI) and electrophoretic mobility (B-type is the major group). 36 , 52 The LMW-GS can also be classified based on the first N-terminal amino acid residue into m-type (Methionine), s-type (Serine) and i-type (Isoleucine) subclasses.…”

Current Progress in Understanding and Recovering the Wheat Genes Lost in Evolution and Domestication

“…In addition to GPC, WEM has a highly variable seed storage protein compositions with a high number of novel alleles. A number of studies on high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin loci ( Glu-1A , Glu1B , Glu1D ), avenin like protein ( ALP ) and monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors ( WMAI ) revealed a considerable number of alleles for those genes [ 31 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ]. Among the HMW glutenin subunits, only one gene 1By18 is the consequence of gene mutation from 1By8 through the formation of hexaploid wheat, and the rest are on their original forms as of the ancestors [ 125 ].…”