Characterization of an Ultrasonic Flowmeter for Liquid and Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide Under Static Conditions

Measurement Technologies for Pipeline Transport of Carbon Dioxide–Rich Mixtures for Ccs

“…In recent years, ultrasonic technologies have evolved such that many measurement challenges of CCS can be overcome using more sophisticated and powerful signal processing features and diagnostics. Ultrasonic technologies have been the subject of evaluations for various CCSrelevant applications, including CO 2 -blends with natural gas [41,42], CO₂-pure or close-to-pure CO₂ in the gas phase [10] and pure CO₂ in the liquid phase [43].…”

“…This effect is, however, less prominent for liquid CO₂, as the relaxation frequency is approximately proportional to density up to 900 kg/m 3 [45][46][47]. For most process conditions relevant to CCS pipeline transport in the liquid phase, where density is lower, signal degradation yielded reduced accuracy, with a deviation from the theoretical speed of sound of over 4 % [43]. In the gas phase, ultrasonic measurements in Ref.…”

Flow measurement challenges for carbon capture, utilisation and storage

“…The project has several industrial partners and is partly funded by the Research Council of Norway [55]. This includes the characterisation of an ultrasonic flow meter in liquid and liquid dense conditions [29] and a study into the application of tomography throughout the CCS value chain [56].…”

Flow Measurement Challenges for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage

“…Another measurement challenge presented by CO 2 is that it exhibits acoustic attenuation, which may impact ultrasonic flow meter technologies in particular [28] [29]. While this phenomenon is more significant in gaseous CO 2 , it has also proved problematic in liquid CO 2 [30].…”