Characterization of anti-plasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory fraction of Maytenus senegalensis (lam.) Exell leaf extract in mice

Abstract

Background: The treatment inadequacy and toxicity associated with conventional anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs has called for the search of alternatives from medicinal plants, particularly, their phytochemicals with inherent pharmacological properties. In the present study, purified fraction of M. senegalensis leaf was evaluated for antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Method: Antimalarial study was conducted against Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium berghei using 4 days suppressive test, while anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using egg albumin induced paw oedema and acetic acid induced pain model respectively. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed using serum biochemical parameters following 3 weeks administrations of the purified fraction. Results: The purified fraction of M. senegalensis leaf shows dose dependent antiplasmodial activity with percentage curative effects of 15.24 ± 0.89, 45.70 ± 3.43 and 48.50 ± 4.56 at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw against Plasmodium chabaudi and % curative effects of 44.25 ± 3.21, 72.74 ± 6.54 and 76.30 ± 8.32 respectively against Plasmodium berghei. The purified fraction exhibited 53.16 ± 4.09 and 60.76 ± 7.54 anti-inflammatory effect, 43.35 ± 4.98% and 44.83 ± 3.86% analgesic effect at 75 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 20α)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-24-nor-friedela-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-carboxylic acid-(29)-methylester, 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7, 7a-tetrahydro-and 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-ol and a terpenes (phytol) as the major antimalarial compounds in the fraction. The purified fraction increases the serum total proteins and transaminases concentrations but had no effect on serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and glucose in the mice. Conclusion: The purified fraction of M. senegalensis leaf exhibited promising antimalarial, analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Thus, could serve as a template for the synthesis of new drug.

A review on anti-peptic ulcer activities of medicinal plants used in the formulation of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules

“…Phytochemical constituents present in M. senegalensis includes; alkaloids [ 197 ], flavonoids [ 198 ], triterpenes, saponins, phenol, tannins and glycosides [ 199 , 200 ]. Jigam and colleagues [ 201 ] investigated leaf extract of Maytenus senegalensis and reported bioactive compounds such as 3,5,7-tetraen-carboxylic acid-methylester, 3-hydroxy-20-lupen-28-ol, 20α)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-24-nor-friedela-1, phytol and 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro. The isolated compounds from the leaf extract of Maytenus senegalensis may exhibit promising antiulcer activity and other pharmacological properties.…”

“…Some of the bioactive compounds isolated from M. senegalensis such as epicatechin and the phytosterols contain many contribute to the beneficial anti-ulcer activity [ 74 , 75 , 206 ]. Pharmacological activities obtained from investigation of the plant include; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [ 201 , 207 ] antiplasmodial and analgesic activity [ 207 ]. The antimicrobial activity has also been evaluated [ 208 , 209 ].…”

Spathodea companulata (African tulip tree) stem and root barks extracts ameliorated N-nitroso diethylamine induced hepatic impairment in male rats

“…There was a significant decrease in the extracts and quercetin groups as compared with the control. However, the group treated with DEN + root bark group had a non-significant difference as compared with the DEN control while those treated with DEN + stem bark extracts showed a significant decrease in AST level which might indicate that the extracts were able to reduce cellular damage in d liver and prevent the enzymes from leaking into the blood plasma [28]. There was a significant decrease in the level of alanine transaminase (figure 2) in groups DEN+ stem bark and DEN+ root bark when compared to the positive The percentage body weight change in the DEN + Extract groups significantly decreased as compared to the control (figure 3) whereas, no significant difference was seen in the absolute and relative body weights across the groups (Figure 4).…”