Characterization of anti-viral immunity in recovered individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2

Dong, Chen; Ni, Ling; Ye, Fang; Chen, Mengli; Yu, Feng; Deng, Yong-Qiang; Zhao, Hui; Wei, Ping; Ge, Jiwan; Li, Xiaoli; Sun, Lin; Wang, Pengzhi; Peng, Liang; Guo, Han; Wang, Xinquan; Qin, Cheng‐Feng; Chen, Fang

doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.20036640

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our results suggested early seroconversion and high antibody titer were likely linked with less severe clinical symptoms. The finding is in consistent with earlier observations of recovered patients (Dong et al 2020;Thevarajan et al 2020) and the 'twophase immune response' theory in which early adaptive immune response plays protective role in the course of COVID-19 (Shi et al 2020), but opposite to a previous study which reported positive correlation between clinical severity and antibody titer (Zhao et al 2020a). Such conflicted data warrant further study of the immunological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity

et al. 2020

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The immense patient number caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic brings the urge for more knowledge about its immunological features, including the profile of basic immune parameters. In this study, eighty-eight reported COVID-19 patients in Wuhan were recruited from January to February, 2020, including 32 severe/critical cases and 56 mild/moderate cases. Their mean age was 56.43 years (range 17-83) and gender ratio (male/female) was 43:45. We tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA with commercial kits, investigated the level of serologic IgM and IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassays, and compared the results of serologic tests and nucleic acid test (NAT). Among 88 patients, 95.45% were confirmed as positive by the combination of NAT and antibody test, which was significantly higher (P \ 0.001) than by single nucleic acid test (73.86%) or serologic test (65.91%). Then the correlation between temporal profile and the level of antibody response was analyzed. It showed that seroconversion started on day 5 after disease onset and IgG level was rose earlier than IgM. Comparison between patients with different disease severity suggested early seroconversion and high antibody titer were linked with less severe clinical symptoms. These results supported the combination of serologic testing and NAT in routine COVID-19 diagnosis and provided evidence on the temporal profile of antibody response in patients with different disease severity. Keywords COVID-19 Á Nucleic acid test (NAT) Á Serologic test Á Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) Á Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) Wen-Hua Kong and Rong Zhao contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity

et al. 2020

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“…As with SARS-CoV (12,13) and MERS-CoV (14,15) , children seem to have low susceptibility to the disease (16)(17)(18) ; despite similar infection rates as adults (19) only 5.9% of pediatric cases are severe or critical, possibly due to lower binding ability of the ACE2 receptor in children or generally higher levels of antiviral antibodies (20) . Other similarities (21)(22)(23) including genomic (24,25) and immune system response (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses (35) , especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are topics of ongoing active research, results of which may inform an understanding of the severity of infection (36) and improve the ongoing work of immune landscape profiling (37)(38)(39)(40)(41) and vaccine discovery (29,38,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human leukocyte antigen susceptibility map for SARS-CoV-2

Nguyen

David

Maden

et al. 2020

Preprint

108

146

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We probe how genetic variability across the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (human leukocyte antigen [HLA] A, B, and C) may affect susceptibility to and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We execute a comprehensive in silico analysis of viral peptide-MHC class I binding affinity across all known HLA -A, -B, and -C genotypes for all SARS-CoV-2 peptides. We further explore the potential for cross-protective immunity conferred by prior exposure to four common human coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome is successfully sampled and presented by a diversity of HLA alleles. However, we found that HLA-B*46:01 had the fewest predicted binding peptides for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting individuals with this allele may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, as they were previously shown to be for SARS (1). Conversely, we found that HLA-B*15:03 showed the greatest capacity to present highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 peptides that are shared among common human coronaviruses, suggesting it could enable cross-protective T-cell based immunity. Finally, we report global distributions of HLA types with potential epidemiological ramifications in the setting of the current pandemic.

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“…This may be due to the development of solid immunity to virus infection. There is evidence that convalescence patients produce both specific humoral and cellular immune response after 2 weeks of recovery, and will show elevated IgG antibodies titers with an efficient cellular immunity although the cytotoxic T cells remained in low count numbers (36). In general, immune responses mediated by T cells is required to control of virus infection by the aid of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and cytokines, cytotoxic T cells kill cells infected virus and T helper cells regulated overall response also activation of B cells were important to produce antibodies against viral infection (6,7,28).…”

Section: Immunological Aspects In Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some insights of novel COVID 19 virus: structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects

Al-AAlim¹,

Hamad²,

AL-ledani³

2020

IJVS

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COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease where the first infected case reported in Wuhan city-China, then it was spread worldwide. The causative agent belongs to novel enveloped single linear positive-sense stranded RNA Coronavirus, which is also called SARS-CoV-2 and has an affinity to lung cells. The genetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that this novel strain may be developed from the animal. origin by recombination between a bat SARS-like CoV and a coronavirus of unknown origin. The ability of the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from person to other is similar or even more than to other human viruses like influenza or plague leading to be announced as a pandemic by WHO in 2020. The mortality rate in SARS-CoV-2 increased day by day and this led the scientists to search for ways to control the virus. Most of the deaths in aged patients may be due to immune response complications where 70% of patients showed lymphopenia. This review provided some details about structure, pathogenicity, and immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The facts in this review lead to suggest that in most cases the death in SARS-CoV-2 may occur via loss of systemic inflammatory response control which leading to lung injury followed by pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory failure, hence the death especially in old patients. In concluding the early effective control of both innate and adaptive immunity may be a critical key factor in protection against SARS-CoV-2.

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Characterization of anti-viral immunity in recovered individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity

Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity

Human leukocyte antigen susceptibility map for SARS-CoV-2

Some insights of novel COVID 19 virus: structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects

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