Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

Antók, Fruzsina Irén; Mayrhofer, Rosa; Marbach, Helene; Masengesho, Jean Claude; Keinprecht, Helga; Nyirimbuga, Vedaste; Fischer, Otto; Lepuschitz, Sarah; Ruppitsch, Werner; Ehling‐Schulz, Monika; Feßler, Andrea T.; Schwarz, Štefan; Monecke, Stefan; Ehricht, Ralf; Grunert, Tom; Spergser, Joachim; Loncaric, Igor

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9010001

“…Further, use of human disc diffusion interpretative criteria may have contributed to the misalignment between phenotypic and genotypic resistance observed in the isolates. Whole genome sequencing is needed to expand our knowledge on staphylococci and their genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya

Mbindyo

¹

,

Gitao

²

,

Plummer

³

et al. 2021

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Increasing numbers of potentially zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci strains, associated with mastitis in dairy cows, are being reported globally and threaten disease management in both animal and human health. However, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), in Kenya is not well known. This study investigated the drug resistance profiles and genes carried by 183 staphylococci isolates from 142 dairy cows representing 93 farms recovered from mastitis milk of dairy cows in two selected counties in Kenya. Staphylococci isolates were characterized by phenotypic characteristics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, partial sequencing and susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobial drugs. Detection of seven resistance genes to the various antimicrobial drugs was conducted using PCR. Overall, phenotypic resistance among the staphylococci ranged between 66.1% for ampicillin and 3.5% for fluoroquinolones. Twenty-five percent (25%) of S. aureus and 10.8% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates, were methicillin-resistant staphylococci phenotypically (defined as resistance to cefoxitin disk diffusion). The most common genes found in S. aureus and CoNS were blaZ and strB at 44.3% and 26%, and 78% and 50%, respectively. MDR was observed in 29.67% and 16.3% of S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. These findings pose a threat to bovine mastitis treatment and management as well as human health.

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“…Milk production of therapeutically treated cows will often decline significantly during subsequent lactations necessitating culling of treated animals. Moreover, the extensive use of antibiotics in the treatment and control of mastitis has implications for human health via residual drugs and increased emergence of antibiotics-resistant bacteria strains then enter the food chain ( 5 ). Mastitis leads to great economic losses to the dairy industry and poses serious potential threats to public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice

Lan

¹

,

Wan

²

,

Xu

³

et al. 2021

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Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. Mouse is a common animal model for studying bovine mastitis. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of mammary glands and mammary epithelial cells (the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPK–mTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis.

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“…Milk production of therapeutically treated cows will often decline signi cantly during subsequent lactations necessitating culling of treated animals. Moreover, the extensive use of antibiotics in the treatment and control of mastitis has implications for human health via residual drugs and increased emergence of antibiotics-resistant bacteria strains then enter the food chain (4). Mastitis leads to great economic losses to the dairy industry and poses serious potential threats to public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine reprograms mammary-gland metabolism and alleviates inflammation induced by Streptococcus uberis

Lan

¹

,

Wan

²

,

Xu

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis,which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of msmmary glands and mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPK–mTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis. IMPORTANCE: Mastitis, especially caused by Streptococcus uberis, induces continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands, leading to enormous economic losses in dairy industry. Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are mammary gland-resident major functional cells which occupy a significant role in maintaining homeostasis in mammary glands. MECs can adopt an inflammatory trending in response to S. uberis infection and try to clear these intracellular bacteria. Researchers at Nanjing Agricultural University in China found that S. uberis induces MECs acute inflammation caused by metabolic dysregulation, that is, increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. However, taurine pretreatment can enhance metabolic fitness and anti-inflammatory activity. As a potential therapy, metabolic regulation with taurine restored MECs homeostasis and reduced excessive inflammation. The findings suggest that modulating MECS metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for mastitis as well as other bacterial infections.

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Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

Cited by 27 publications

References 78 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya

Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice

Taurine reprograms mammary-gland metabolism and alleviates inflammation induced by Streptococcus uberis

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