Characterization of Armour Steel Welds Using Austenitic and Ferritic Filler Metals

Gürol, Uğur; Karahan, Tuba; Erdöl, Sevim; Çoban, Ozan; BAYKAL, Hakan; Koçak, M.

doi:10.1007/s12666-021-02464-7

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Microstructure Figure 5 shows CGHAZ located between FGHAZ and weld metal (WM). Figures 6, 7, and 8 illustrate the HAZ subregions, namely CGHAZ, FGHAZ, and ICHAZ, respectively [41]. Next to the fusion line, austenite formation has re-occurred because the material is heated well above the Ac 3 temperature, and the oriented microstructure obtained by thermomechanical rolling has become coarser equiaxed austenitic grains (figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heat input in multi-pass GMAW of S960QL UHSS based on weaving and stringer bead procedure on microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ

Mert,

Gurol,

Tumer

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Quenched and tempered S960QL (yield strength ≥ 960 MPa) ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) thick plates were joined by multi-pass robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) using weaving and stringer bead techniques. The effects of microstructural changes in heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the joint on toughness and hardness were examined. Weaving and stringer bead techniques applied for the multi-pass welding procedure altered average peak temperatures and exposure time to those temperatures. Mechanical properties of HAZ were evaluated by utilizing notch impact and hardness tests, and these results were correlated with microstructural characterizations using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Prior austenite grain (PAG) coarsening occurred because of increased exposure time to peak temperature in coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ) of the W-5 (weaving pass) joint. CGHAZs at the face pass, which have not been subjected to a second thermal cycle, have the highest hardness in both joints. Although standard toughness requirements are met in both joints, since HAZ in the S-12 (stringer bead) joint is narrow compared with the one in the W-5 joint, impact toughness values were higher with the S-12 joint due to the locations of the notches of the impact specimens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heat input in multi-pass GMAW of S960QL UHSS based on weaving and stringer bead procedure on microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ

Mert,

Gurol,

Tumer

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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“…Prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGB) are clearly visible and exhibit a fine-grained structure. This fine-grained martensitic structure provides high hardness and toughness to the armor steel [41]. Figure 4b-d depict the microstructure of DP450 steel.…”

Section: Mechanical and Microstructure Properties Of The Base Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Microstructure and Mechanical Property Relationships of Gas Metal Arc Welded Dissimilar Protection 600T, DP450 and S275JR Steel Joints

Elmas,

Koçar,

Anaç

2024

Crystals

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The need for combining dissimilar materials is steadily increasing in the manufacturing industry, and the resulting products are expected to always have high performance. While there are various methods available for joining such material pairs, one of the commonly preferred techniques is fusion welding. In this study, three different steel materials (Protection 600T, DP450, and S275JR) were joined using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in different combinations (similar/dissimilar). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated. Tensile test, Vickers microhardness (HV 0.1), bending, Charpy V-notch impact testing, and microstructure examinations were conducted to analyze the weld and heat-affected zone. The tensile strengths of the base metal materials Protection 600T, DP450, and S275JR were found to be 1524.73 ± 18.7, 500.8 ± 10.4, and 508.5 ± 9.5 MPa, respectively. In welded samples of similar materials, the highest efficiency was found to be 103.05% for DP450/DP450, while in dissimilar welded joints, it was 105.5% for the DP450/S275JR pair. Hardness values for the base materials Protection 600T, DP450, and S275JR were measured as 526.5 ± 10.5, 153.8 ± 1.8, and 162.5 ± 5.2, respectively. In all welded samples, there was an increase in hardness in the weld zone (due to the welding wire) and the heat-affected zone (due to grain size refinement). While the impact energy values of similar material pairs were close to the base material impact energy values, the impact energy values of dissimilar material pairs varied according to the base materials. In addition, in joints made with similar materials, the bending force was close to the base materials, while a decrease in bending force was observed in joints formed with dissimilar materials. As a result, the welding of DP450 and S275JR materials was carried out efficiently. Protection 600T was welded with other materials, but its welding strength was limited to the strength of the material with low mechanical properties.

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“…22 In contrast to the ferrite phase's high strength and low ductility, the austenitic phase is characterised by its low hardness and strength. 10 When welding armour steels, HIC is a common difficulty.…”

Section: Sem/eds Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High carbon in the armour steel makes it prone to cold cracking. 10 The austenitic filler wire shows good improvement because the austenitic filler wire has a much higher hydrogen solubility. The present study aims to bridge this knowledge gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc-welded armour steel: A tailored and comparative study of its microstructure and mechanical properties

Sathish Kumar,

Arivazhagan

2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The present research aims to investigate and analyse the metallurgical features, including macrostructure, microstructure, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. In addition, the mechanical properties of the arc welding specimens, encompassing hardness, tensile properties, and impact toughness at room temperature, were determined. The specimens were joined utilising various welding techniques, including gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding. According to macrography, the weldments have no porosity, inclusions, or penetration. This confirms the optimal weldment fabrication process parameters. An optical microstructure analysis was conducted on various zones of the weldments. The weld fusion zone's microstructure reveals delta (δ) ferrite within the austenite matrix. A two-phase microstructure of bainite and untempered martensite is observed in the heat-affected zone. Scanning electron microscopy images at higher magnification reveal austenite and partially δ-ferrite phases. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed higher chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, and molybdenum concentrations on the grain boundary than in the matrix. According to electron backscatter diffraction, the average weld zone grain sizes for gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding are 21.4, 35.8, 25.8, and 34.3 µm, respectively. In the heat-affected zone, the grain size decreased significantly. The welding region has lower mechanical properties than the heat-affected zone. All specimens produced using different welding processes had no cracking in the weld metal, including the fusion zone and border.

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Characterization of Armour Steel Welds Using Austenitic and Ferritic Filler Metals

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of heat input in multi-pass GMAW of S960QL UHSS based on weaving and stringer bead procedure on microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ

The effect of heat input in multi-pass GMAW of S960QL UHSS based on weaving and stringer bead procedure on microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ

Study of the Microstructure and Mechanical Property Relationships of Gas Metal Arc Welded Dissimilar Protection 600T, DP450 and S275JR Steel Joints

Arc-welded armour steel: A tailored and comparative study of its microstructure and mechanical properties

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