Characterization of azimuthal and longitudinal modes in rolled-up InGaAs/GaAs microtubes at telecom wavelengths

Zhong, Qiuhang; Tian, Zhaobing; Dastjerdi, Hadi Tavakoli; Mi, Zetian; Plant, David V.

doi:10.1364/oe.21.018909

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Rolled-up semiconductor tubes can be used as optical resonators to confine light into whispering gallery modes (WGM) [13][14][15][16][17][18]. If a simple rolled-up tube structure is used, they can act as passive optical elements like comb filters or coupled to waveguides [19][20][21] used as delay lines. To achieve active optical functionality, optical emitting elements like quantum dots or quantum wells can be integrated into the membranes before roll-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: using rolled-up tubes for strain-tuning the optical properties of quantum emitters

Gomes

Gomes²,

Silva

et al. 2023

Nanotechnology

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Rolled-up tubes based on released III-V heterostructures have been extensively studied and established as optical resonators in the last two decades. In this review, we discuss how light emitters (quantum wells and quantum dots) are influenced by the inherently asymmetric strain state of these tubes. Therefore, we briefly review whispering gallery mode resonators built from rolled-up III-V heterostructures. The curvature and its influence over the diameter of the rolled-up micro- and nanotubes are discussed, with emphasis on the different possible strain states that can be produced. Experimental techniques that access structural parameters are essential to obtain a complete and correct image of the strain state for the emitters inside the tube wall. In order to unambiguously extract such strain state, we discuss X-ray diffraction results in these systems, providing a much clearer scenario compared to a sole tube diameter analysis, which provides only a first indication of the lattice relaxation in a given tube. Further, the influence of the overall strain lattice state on the band structure is examined via numerical calculations. Finally, experimental results for the wavelength shift of emissions due to the tube strain state are presented and compared with theoretical calculations available in literature, showing that the possibility to use rolled-up tubes to permanently strain engineer the optical properties of build-in quantum emitters is a consistent method to induce the appearance of electronic states unachievable by direct growth methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: using rolled-up tubes for strain-tuning the optical properties of quantum emitters

Gomes

Gomes²,

Silva

et al. 2023

Nanotechnology

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“…[27] Intriguingly, such vertical ring resonators are compatible with on-chip monolithic integration if manufactured by rolled-up nanotechnology. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] As a first key step toward efficient 3D photonic integration, we therefore design and investigate the coupling of a rolled-up tubular microcavity positioned on a planar microring structure. We demonstrate axial-dependent selective mode coupling between out-of-plane resonant modes supported by the microtube cavity and in-plane resonances of the planar microring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Out‐of‐Plane Optical Coupling between Vertical and Planar Microrings in a 3D Configuration

Valligatla

Wang

Madani

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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optoelectronic systems, [4] serving as optical filters, [5] modulators, [6] and frequency comb generators, [7] to name a few. Furthermore, micro/nanoresonator coupling in one plane has been widely investigated [8-13] for applications such as wavelength division multiplexing, [14] sensing, [15] and lasing modulation. [16] In recent years, various schemes have been proposed to conquer the third dimension, such as laser inscription of 3D waveguide circuits, [17] interlayer grating couplers for vertical integration of multiple photonic components, [18-20] and photonic routing architectures based on multiple waveguides for out-of-plane light coupling. [21] However, these schemes mainly rely on simple passive light transfer components, which do not use the 3D space efficiently. For highdensity 3D photonic integration, a new approach is required to not only transfer light from layer to layer but also to fill the space in between the layers with photonic functionalities such as flexible reorientation of light propagation and wavelength-selective transfer between different layers. In contrast to planar ring resonators, a microtube optical ring resonator is able to support out-of-plane whispering gallery modes (WGM) in the vertical direction, [22,23] therefore providing a concept to also exploit the vertical direction with additional 3D photonic integrated circuits are expected to play a key role in future optoelectronics with efficient signal transfer between photonic layers. Here, the optical coupling of tubular microcavities, supporting resonances in a vertical plane, with planar microrings, accommodating in-plane resonances, is explored. In such a 3D coupled composite system with largely mismatched cavity sizes, periodic mode splitting and resonant mode shifts are observed due to mode-selective interactions. The axial direction of the microtube cavity provides additional design freedom for selective mode coupling, which is achieved by carefully adjusting the axial displacement between the microtube and the microring. The spectral anticrossing behavior is caused by strong coupling in this composite optical system and is excellently reproduced by numerical modeling. Interfacing tubular microcavities with planar microrings is a promising approach toward interlayer light transfer with added optical functionality in 3D photonic systems.

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“…A self-rolled-up microtube (SRM), as a novel microresonator, was introduced in the middle 2000s [7,8] . The rolling mechanism for the fabrication of the tubular shape of this structure facilitates the achievement of 3D light confinement in azimuthal, radial, and axial directions [9,10] . Furthermore, several experimental reports on the vertical coupling of this structure and other waveguides, both manually and monolithically, have been presented [11,12] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical integration of self-rolled-up microtube and silicon waveguides: a two-channel optical add–drop multiplexer

Sedaghat

Zarifkar

2017

Chin. Opt. Lett.

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A novel design of a two-channel optical add-drop multiplexer based on a self-rolled-up microtube (SRM) is presented. This design consists of an SRM that has a parabolic lobe-like pattern along the tube's axial direction, as well as straight silicon waveguides and a 180°waveguide bend. The vertical configuration of the SRM and waveguides is analyzed by the coupled mode theory for achieving the optimum gap. In the critical coupling regime, when the device serves as an optical demultiplexer, the minimum insertion loss is 1.94 dB, and the maximum channel crosstalk is −6.036 dB. Also, as an optical multiplexer, the maximum crosstalk becomes −11.9 dB.

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Characterization of azimuthal and longitudinal modes in rolled-up InGaAs/GaAs microtubes at telecom wavelengths

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Review: using rolled-up tubes for strain-tuning the optical properties of quantum emitters

Review: using rolled-up tubes for strain-tuning the optical properties of quantum emitters

Selective Out‐of‐Plane Optical Coupling between Vertical and Planar Microrings in a 3D Configuration

Vertical integration of self-rolled-up microtube and silicon waveguides: a two-channel optical add–drop multiplexer

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