Characterization of bacterial community in intestinal and rearing water of Penaeus monodon differing growth performances in outdoor and indoor ponds

Abstract

Penaeus monodon provides a high‐quality protein source for humanity, and pond cultured shrimp often presents asynchronous growth. Microbial communities are important for the digestion and immunity of shrimp. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the bacterial characteristics of the intestine and rearing water of asynchronously growing P. monodon that were cultured in outdoor and indoor pond respectively. The results showed that the bacterial community of the rearing water was more complex than that of the intestine; the fast‐growing shrimp in the indoor pond had higher intestinal bacterial diversity. Besides, the dominant bacterial composition of the water was more complex than that of the intestinal. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was consistent with the growth performance of shrimp in the outdoor pond, which was exactly the opposite in the indoor pond. At the genus level, two cyanobacteria, Limnothrix and Cyanobium PCC‐6307, were dominant in the indoor and outdoor water respectively. In the outdoor pond, Bacillus was dominant in the slow‐growing shrimp intestines, while Vibrio was dominant in the fast‐growing shrimp. The intestinal microbes of the fast‐growing shrimp had higher proteasome metabolic capacity. These results can provide new insights into microbiome characteristics involved in the asynchronous growth of shrimp.

Microbiome diversity and dysbiosis in aquaculture

“…In contrast to fast growing animals, a high abundance of the order Acidimicrobiales was detected in the gut of small size sea cucumbers (Sha et al 2016;Yamazaki et al 2016). In P. monodon, fast growing shrimps farmed especially indoors had the highest bacterial alpha-diversity and number of unique OTU's compared to animals growing at slower rate (Duan et al 2020). The gut of fast growing black tiger shrimps (regardless of culture conditions) was enriched in Roseivivax spp.…”

“…2019; Duan et al . 2020). A longitudinal study in Pacific white shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei ) detected a correlation between changes in alpha‐ and beta‐diversity and animal weight (at one sampling point) (Fan et al .…”

“…In P. monodon , fast growing shrimps farmed especially indoors had the highest bacterial alpha‐diversity and number of unique OTU’s compared to animals growing at slower rate (Duan et al . 2020). The gut of fast growing black tiger shrimps (regardless of culture conditions) was enriched in Roseivivax spp.…”

“…2019; Duan et al . 2020) showing a clear host‐associated selective pressure on the bacterial community. Although contrasting results in terms of alpha‐diversity have been detected in water‐associated bacterial communities between healthy and disease status, a strong response in the structure of the community (beta‐diversity) was observed in all studies reviewed.…”

“…Therefore, studying and maintaining both single-species, and diverse microbiome-host associations should be of interest to the aquaculture industry. In fact, changes in bacterial diversity have been associated with animal performance (Fan et al 2019;Infante-Villamil et al 2019;Duan et al 2020). A longitudinal study in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) detected a correlation between changes in alpha-and beta-diversity and animal weight (at one sampling point) (Fan et al 2019).…”